托福阅读逻辑关键词列表
关键词表
1. 强转折：句间转折易出考题
虽然：(al)though, albeit, while, whereas，despite, in spite of, notwithstanding
但是：but, yet, however, nonetheless, nevertheless
实际上：in fact, actually, virtually, practically 注意：indeed 副词：unfortunately, unhappily, ironically, paradoxically
2. 强对比：
时间强对比： until recently, prior to…, now，年代词
普通强对比： unlike, in contrast to, on the contrary, while;
优缺点强对比：disadvantage, limitation...
3. 强因果：
结果：conclude, conclusion, conclusive, consequent(ly), consequence, result in, result from, lead to, lie in,
结论：thus, hence, therefore
因为：because (of), since, for, due to
前果后因：be attributed to, originate from=lie in, in light of=by/through/via
4. 态度观点词：
正面：emphasize, illustrate, suggest, indicate, acknowledge, explain, suggest;
负面: question, argue against, refute, disagree;
中性: present/pose, introduce
5. 顺序词汇：1，2，3 (时间紧就抓住每个列举的首句)
第一、二 （for one thing, put it another way, first of all）
总结概述性词汇
6. 判断：
系动词：be, remain
情态动词：can, cannot, must
自由褒贬词：对某人态度、观点、行为褒贬的形容词, (un)convincing, untenable, useful, effective, successfully
表示评价的实义动词：fail to, underestimate, overestimate, exaggerate, ignore, misrepresent, overlook, misinterpret，maintain, get one’s hackles up...
7. 比较选择：
not A(x)，but rather B(√); less A(x) than B(√);
more A(√) than B(x);
A(√) rather than B (x);
no longer/not A(x) but B(√). not A(x), instead B(√).
8. 上升下降，绝对词：increase/decrease ….
绝对词 < 比较 < 上升/下降肯定逻辑关系
否定逻辑关系 补充：功能性词语：
to emphasize, illustrate， introduce, suggest， provide an example, cite evidence， indicate，reveal, argue against, differentiate, distinguish, contrast, contradict, refute, digress, question