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Chapter 29, Section 1 Taking on Segregation
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In the 1930s, Charles Hamilton Houston began using a new legal strategy for the ... In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to yield her seat to a white man on a bus. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation
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Title: Chapter 29, Section 1 Taking on Segregation
1
Chapter 29, Section 1Taking on Segregation
- Chapter 29
- Mrs. DAvria
- Spring 2006
2
Challenging Segregation in Court
- In the 1930s, Charles Hamilton Houston began
using a new legal strategy for the NAACP by
addressing the inequality between separate
schooling.
3
Challenging Segregation in Court
- In 1938, Houston placed Thurgood Marshall as
head of the legal team. It would be under
Marshall that the NAACP would win 29 out of 32
cases.
4
Challenging Segregation in Court
- The most well-known victory for Marshall was the
case, Brown v. Board of Education. The decision
by the Supreme Court declared segregation in
schools is unconstitutional.
5
Challenging Segregation in Court
6
Reaction to the Brown Decision
- Within a year after the landmark ruling, 500
school districts had desegregated, but in many
places the process was moving slowly.
7
Reaction to the Brown Decision
- The Supreme Court handed down a second ruling to
the Brown II case when it ordered district courts
to oversee school desegregation.
8
Reaction to the Brown Decision
- In Little Rock, Arkansas, superintendent Virgil
Blossom began the school desegregation process
when he admitted nine African Americans into
Central High School. Governor Orval Faubus
ordered the National Guard to turn these students
away from the school.
9
Reaction to the Brown Decision
10
Reaction to the Brown Decision
- Eight of the nine students made it to school
safely that first morning, however, Elizabeth
Eckford encountered an abusive crowd on her way.
- The incident forced President Eisenhower to act.
He called the National Guard to make sure the
students made it to school.
11
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
- In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to yield her seat to
a white man on a bus. She was arrested and
shortly after, the Montgomery bus boycott began
under the leadership of Jo Anne Robinson and E.D.
Nixon.
12
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
- Soon, the Montgomery Improvement Association was
organized and 26-year old Dr. Martin Luther King
Jr. was placed to lead the group.
13
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
- For 381 days, African Americans refused to ride
the buses in Montgomery. Finally, the Supreme
Court outlawed bus segregation in 1956.
14
Dr. King and the SCLC
- King called his nonviolent resistance, soul
force. Even after violent attacks against
blacks increased after the Brown decision, King
still used peaceful strategies.
15
Dr. King and the SCLC
- In 1957, King along with 100 others founded the
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
with the aim of using protests and demonstrations
to undo the evils of discrimination.
16
Dr. King and the SCLC
- One SCLC leader, Ella Baker helped students in
college form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC).
17
The Movement Spreads
- One popular form of demonstrating of SNCC was to
stage a sit-in, in which African American
protesters sat down at segregated lunch counters
until they were served.
