命名数据网络研究综述

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021091576

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

命名数据网络（NDN）的独特优势使其被认为是下一代新型互联网体系架构的候选者。通过对NDN通信原理的分析以及与传统传输控制协议/网际协议（TCP/IP）体系架构的对比，阐述了该新型体系架构所具有的优势，并在此基础上总结分析了该网络体系架构设计的关键要素。此外，为更好地帮助研究人员了解这一新型网络架构，总结了NDN经过多年发展已取得的成功应用，并紧随主流技术，重点介绍NDN对前沿区块链技术的支持，且依托该支持对基于NDN和区块链技术应用的研究和发展进行了讨论和展望。

关键词: 未来互联网, 互联网体系架构, 信息中心网络, 命名数据网络, 网络应用

Abstract:

The unique advantages of Named Data Networking （NDN） make it a candidate for the next generation of new internet architecture. Through the analysis of the communication principle of NDN and the comparison of it with the traditional Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol （TCP/IP） architecture， the advantages of the new architecture were described. And on this basis， the key elements of this network architecture design were summarized and analyzed. In addition， in order to help researchers better understand this new network architecture， the successful applications of NDN after years of development were summed up. Following the mainstream technology， the support of NDN for cutting-edge blockchain technology was focused on. Based on this support， the research and development of the applications of NDN and blockchain technology were discussed and prospected.

Key words: future internet, internet architecture, Information Centric Network (ICN), Named Data Networking (NDN), network application

中图分类号:

TN919

马红桥, 杨文忠, 康鹏, 阳健康, 刘元山, 周越. 命名数据网络研究综述[J]. 计算机应用, 2022, 42(10): 3111-3123.

Hongqiao MA, Wenzhong YANG, Peng KANG, Jiankang YANG, Yuanshan LIU, Yue ZHOU. Survey of named data networking[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(10): 3111-3123.

图/表 11

图1 TCP/IP网络与NDN体系架构

Fig. 1 Architectures of TCP/IP network and NDN

表1 传统TCP/IP网络与NDN架构的对比

Tab. 1 Architecture comparison between traditional TCP/IP network and NDN

类别	传统TCP/IP网络	命名数据网络（NDN）
名词变化	发送者	内容生产者或内容提供者（发布者）
	接收者	内容消费者（订阅者）
	端口	Face
对立概念	由发送端驱动控制	由接收端驱动控制
	客户端/服务器同步通信	发布/订阅异步通信
	以主机为中心（通过主机 IP地址进行通信）	以内容为中心（通过内容名称name检索数据）
	单播	统一的单播、多播和任播
	明确目的地址	隐含目的地址
	端到端	端到数据
	保护通信信道，基于主机的认证	数字签名直接保证数据的完整性和可信任性

图2 NDN通信原理

Fig. 2 NDN communication principle

图3 NDN中数据包的路由转发流程

Fig. 3 Flow of data packet routing and forwarding in NDN

图4 NDN命名机制

Fig. 4 NDN naming mechanism

图5 名称遍历树

Fig. 5 Name traversal tree

图6 NDN密钥数据包

Fig. 6 NDN key packet

图7 博客网站的命名空间和认证路径

Fig. 7 Namespace and authentication path of blog site

图8 NDN应用分类

Fig. 8 Classification of NDN applications

图9 车联网应用场景概览

Fig. 9 Summary of internet of vehicles application scenario

图10 NDN车联网实例

Fig. 10 Example of NDN internet of vehicles

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