怒江水电站开发案例【精品-ppt】.ppt

怒江水电站开发案例怒江水电站开发案例我国云南怒江大峡谷仅次于美国科罗拉多大峡谷，以“世界第二大峡谷”闻名中外；怒江，在巍巍横断山的呵护下，成为中国最后两条原始生态河之一；“三江并流”以怒江、澜沧江、金沙江三江并行奔流170公里的奇观跻身世界自然遗产……怒江地区还是全球最大的生物资源库之一，拥有北半球几乎所有的生物类型。然而这块天赐瑰宝却要被有关开发部门拦腰截断，兴建装机容量超过三峡的13级水电环境、生态、地质专家纷纷质疑，位于地质板块交界的怒江大峡谷，地质和生态条件十分脆弱，怎经得住人类花费1000亿元的改造？一个世纪以来，人类在大江大河上共修筑水坝80多万座，不仅改变了原有的水循环方式，而且导致了地壳质量重新分布，从而使地球自转变慢，地轴倾角偏转。尽管这些变化微不足道，但它宣告了阿基米德曾设想的“撬动地球之棍”已被他的子孙们找到。然而洋洋得意的人类也在为此付出沉重的代价。阿斯旺大坝在上世纪70年代竣工，成为埃及的骄傲。这座水坝结束了尼罗河年年泛滥的历史，生产了廉价的电力，还灌溉了农田。然而近年来人们发现，它也破坏了尼罗河流域的生态平衡，引发一系列灾难：两岸土壤盐渍化、河口三角洲收缩、血吸虫病流行等等。类似的弊端也出现在肯尼亚的姆韦亚水电站、中国台湾的美浓水库等很多地方。2003年底在泰国召开的第二次世界反水坝大会终于对水坝利弊提出了全球性的质疑，人们发现水坝并非永久可用，其寿命仅为几十到100年。许多国家已陆续忍痛拆除大坝，拆坝及恢复江河生态的费用往往高于建坝，这样水力发电的“可再生性”也就需重新评定。中国水坝总量居世界第一，为缓解能源紧张、带动西部经济，开发水电本无可厚非。但是否应多听各方意见，权衡一个工程是否真正利国利民。发电仅40余年的黄河三门峡水库由于严重老化并引发去年渭河特大洪灾，被今春的陕西省“两会”联名要求停止蓄水。美国的科罗拉多大峡谷在100年前也有过筑坝争论，但最终被建为科罗拉多国家公园，事实证明其经济价值不亚于水电站。相比较，怒江流域的民族和文化都富有更深远的内涵。不赞成怒江水电站开发的公共政策分析。要求：展示各种政策分析标准，并进行讨论。KaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKaKbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbLbMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcMcNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdNdOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOeOePfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfPgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQgQhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhRhSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiTjTjTjTjTjTjTjTjTjTjTjTjTjTjTjTjTj 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