PSC检查英语

第一章

第二章定义和常用缩略语

一、定义

1. Clear grounds: evidence that the ship, its equipment, or its crew does not correspond substantially with the requirements of the relevant conventions or that the master or crewmembers are not familiar with essential shipboard procedures relating to the safety of ships or the prevention of pollution.

明显依据：船舶及其设备或其船员实质上不符合有关公约的要求的证据，或船长或船员不熟悉有关船舶安全或防止污染的船上基本程序的证据。

2. Deficiency: A condition found not to be in compliance with the requirements of the relevant convention.

缺陷：发现的不符合有关公约要求的一种状况

3. Detention: Intervention action taken by the port State when the condition of the ship or its crew does not correspond substantially with the applicable conventions to ensure that the ship will not sail until it can proceed to sea without presenting a danger to the ship or persons on board, or without presenting an unreasonable threat of harm to the marine environment.

滞留：当船舶或船员实质上不符合适用公约要求时，港口国为保证该船舶只有在不会对船舶或船上人员构成危险或不会对海上环境造成损害威胁时方可开航所采取的干涉行动。

4. Inspection: A visit on board a ship to check both the validity of the relevant certificates and documents, and the overall condition of the ship, its equipment, and its crew.

检查：登船检验有关证书、文件的有效性和船舶及其设备和船员的总体情况。

5. More detailed inspection: An inspection conducted when there are clear grounds for believing that the condition of the ship, its equipment, or its crew does not correspond substantially with the particulars of the certificates.

详细检查：当有明显依据相信船舶条件、船舶设备或船员实质上不符合证书项目时所进行的检查。6. Port State Control Officer (PSCO): A person duly authorized by the competent authority of a Party to a relevant convention to carry out port State control inspections, and responsible exclusively to that Party.

港口国监督检查官（以下简称检查官）：经过有关公约缔约国的主管机关正式授权执行港口国监督检查，并对缔约国负责的人员。

7. Stoppage of an operation: Formal prohibition against a ship to continue an operation due to identified deficiencies, which singly or together, render the continuation of such operation hazardous.

停止作业：由于船舶具有一个或几个被识别缺陷会使船舶继续进行某些操作产生危险，而对继续进行此项作业的正式禁止。

8. Substandard ship: A ship whose hull, machinery, equipment, or operational safety is substantially below the standards required by the relevant convention or whose crew os not in conformance with the safe manning document.

低标准船：船体、机器、设备或操作安全方面实质上低于有关公约要求的标准或者实际配员不符合安全配员文件的船舶。

9. Valid certificates: A certificate that has been issued directly by a Party to a relevant convention or on its behalf by a recognized organization and contains accurate and effective dates; meets the provisions of the relevant convention; and, with which the particulars of the ship, its crew and its equipment correspond.

有效证书：有关公约的一个缔约国直接签发的，或由缔约国认可的机构代表该缔约国签发的，包括准确和有效的日期，符合有关公约规定并载明船舶、船员和设备细目的证书。

二、常用缩略语

10. Abbreviations

英文缩写

DOC Document of compliance

SMC Safety management certificate

SMS Safety management system

ILL International load line

IOPP International oil pollution prevention

OPA 90 Oil pollution act of 1990 (usa)

AIS Automatic identification system

IGS Inert gas system

MOU Memorandum of understanding

SOP Standard operating procedure

SOPEP Shipboard oil pollution emergency plan

VDR V oyage data recorder

GMDSS Global maritime distress and safety system

三、缺陷代码及纠正条款说明

11、Action codes 行动代码

10 deficiency rectified 缺陷已纠正

15rectify deficiency at next port 缺陷在下一港纠正

16rectify deficiency within 14 days 缺陷在14天内纠正

17master instructed to rectify deficiency before departure

通知船长在开航前纠正缺陷

18rectify non-conformity within 3 months 在3个月内纠正不符合项

19rectify major non-conformity before departure 在开航前纠正严重不符合项

30detainable deficiency 可滞留的缺陷

35detention rised 解除滞留

36ship allowed to sail after follow-up detention 在跟踪滞留的前提下准予开航

40next port informed 通知下一港

45next port informed to re-detain 通知下一港再次滞留

50flag state/consul informed 通知船旗国/领事机构

55flag state consulted 咨询船旗国

60region state informed 通知地区国

70classification society informed 通知船级社

80temporary substitution of equipment 临时替代设备

85investigation of contravention of discharge provisions (MARPOL)

调查违规排放（MARPOL）

95letter of warning issued 签发警告信

96letter warning withdrawn 收回警告信

99other (specify in clear text) 其他（详细说明）

注：这里引用的是东京备忘录的行动代码，其他备忘录的情况大同小异。

第二章港口国监督检查概述

12. General

概要

Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports for the purpose of verifying that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international conventions and that the ship is manned and operated in compliance with applicable international laws. The primary responsibility for ensuring that a ship maintains a standard at least equivalent to that specified in international conventions rests with the flag State and if all flag States performed their duties satisfactorily there would be no need for port State control. Unfortunately this is not the case as evidenced by the many marine accidents around the world – hence the need for additional control.

港口国监督是港口国当局对抵港的外国籍船舶实施的，以确保船舶及其设备符合国际公约要求、船舶的配员与操作符合适用的国际规范为目的的一种检查。确保船舶保持国际公约中规定的标准是船旗国的首要责任，如果所有的船旗国都能令人满意地履行他们的职责，那么港口国监督就没有必要存在，不幸的是，实际情况却并非如此，世界范围内发生的诸多海难事故已证明了这一点，因此这种额外监控也就成为必然。

The authority for exercising PSC is the national law based on relevant conventions. It is therefore necessary for a port State to be Party to those conventions and to have promulgated the necessary legislation before exercising PSC. In accordance with the provisions of the applicable conventions, Parties may conduct inspections of foreign ships in their ports through Port State Control Officers (PSCOs).

港口国监督的实施是通过基于相关国际公约的国内法所授权的。因此，港口国必须是这些公约缔约国，而且，在实施港口国监督之前要颁布起立法。根据所适用公约的条款规定，港口国可由检查官对抵达其港口的外国籍船舶实施检查。

13. Provisions of port State control

港口国监督条款

IMO conventions place the responsibility for technically and environmentally safe ships primarily on the flag State. However, it is recognized that a port State can make a useful contribution to these aims and many conventions, therefore, contain provisions that permit port State control. These include: IMO 的公约把保证船舶的技术安全和环境安全的首要责任放在了船旗国的肩上。然而，普遍认为，港口国能对实现该目标作出贡献，因此，很多的国际公约都包含有港口国监督条款。它们是：（1）SOLAS 74，regulation 1/9, regulation IX/6 and regulation XI/4;

（2）LOADLINES 66, article 21;

（3）MARPOL 73/78, ARTICLES 5 & 6, regulation 8A of Annex I, regulation 15 of Annex II, regulation 8 of Annex III and regulation 8 of Annex V;

（4）STCW 78, article X and regulation 1/4;

（5）TONNAGE 69, article 12.

14. Existing regional agreements on port State control

现有港口国监督区域协定

While national port State control alone will already enhance the safety of ships and the protection of the marine environment, only a regional approach will ensure that substandard ships and substandard operators have fewer places left to hide. Unless a regional approach is adopted, operators will just divert their ships to ports in the region where no or less stringent PSC inspections are conducted. This may

seriously hamper the economical situation of the ports of those countries that do conduct proper inspections. To remedy this and to generally improve the effectiveness of inspections, many regions of the world have already or are beginning to enter into regional agreements on PSC.

虽然国家性的港口国监督已加强船舶的安全和环境保护，而惟有通过区域性的协作才能保证那些低于标准船舶和低于标准船舶经营者越来越无处藏身。如果不采用区域性协作的方式，那么经营者就会把他们的船舶转向没有实施PSC检查的地区或者PSC检查相对不严格的地区的港口。这将严重妨害那些实施适当PSC检查国家的港口经济形势。为弥补该缺陷并从总体上提高检查效率，世界上的许多地区都已经或者正开始达成区域性的港口国监督协定。

At present there are eight regional PSC agreements in operation:

目前，有8个区域性的港口国监督协定正在运转：

（1）the Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control (Paris MOU)

（2）the Acuerdo de vi na del Mar (Vi na del Mar or Latin-America Agreement):

（3）the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Asia-Pacific Region (Tokyo MOU):

（4）the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Caribbean Region (Caribbean MOU):

（5）the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Mediterranean Region (Mediterranean MOU):

（6）the Indian Ocean Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control (Indian Ocean MOU):

（7）the Memorandum of Understanding for the West and Central African Region (Abuja MOU):

（8）the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Black Sea Region (Black Sea MOU).

One further regional agreement is currently under development, it is for the Persian Gulf region.

15. PSC – the future

The establishment of worldwide regional port state control is only a beginning

全球范围的区域性港口国监督的建立才刚刚开始。

The prospect of global port state control, with exchange of information and harmonization of procedures and training, has even more exciting implications, As more and more statistics and data are gathered and exchanged by the different PSC Secretariats, this will result in a huge increase in knowledge about substandard shipping, This knowledge is not only useful in itself, it will also provide the maritime community with the opportunity to better analyze the causes of incidents and casualties and ascertain., more accurately than ever before, how they can be prevented from occurring again.

随着信息的交换以及程序和培训的协调统一，全球性的港口国监督已初见端倪。随着各个港口国监督组织的秘书处越来越多地收集并交换统计数据和资料，这种认识不仅在本质上是有益的，而且它还可以为海运界提供一个更好地分析海上事故原因的方法，这样就可比以前更准确地防止此类事故的再度发生。

第三章港口国监督检查程序

Procedures for Port State Control are described in detail in IMO resolution A.882(21) and regional agreements, which are summarized in the following:

港口国监督检查程序在IMO的A.882(21)决议以及各区域协定里都有详细的阐述，现将其概述如下：

16.Selection of ships to be inspected

选择受检查船舶

The Port State Control Officer (PSCO), before visiting the port, select a ship or ships to be inspected, taking into account the criteria for the selection of ship stipulated in the MOU. Ships such as tankers and bulk carriers, and ships with previous records of detention, etc. In doing so, PSCO search previous PSC data from regional or national data bank on ships the PSCO intends to visit.

船舶到达港口之前，检查官会根据备忘录里规定的选船标准选择受检查船舶。优先检查的船舶包括第一次挂靠该港口的船舶、油船和散货船等敏感型船舶、有滞留记录的船舶，等等。在选船的时候，检查官会从该国家或该区域的数据库中就以前的港口国监督数据对待检船舶进行调查。

17. Initial inspection

初检

PSCO first checks the certificates and other documents carried on board to ascertain that they are valid and in order. He also check the general condition of the ship in order to satisfy himself that the ship complies with the provisions of the relevant instruments. If everything is in order, the inspection is completed and the ship is allowed to sail.

检查官首先检查船舶配备的证书及其他相关文件，以确人其有效性和正确性。同时，他们也检查船舶总体状况，确认该船舶是否符合相关条约的条款要求，以使自己满意。如果所有情况良好，检查即告结束，船舶被允许开航。

18. Detailed inspection

详细检查

If, however, PSCO finds that the certificates are not in order, or, after general inspection, considers that there are clear grounds for believing that the ship does not substantially comply with the provisions of the relevant instruments, then he carries out detailed inspections. Resolution A.787 (19) defines the clear grounds and describe how to carry out detailed inspection.

然而，如果检查官发现证书不符合要求，或者，初次检查后有明显依据认为该船实质上并不符合相关公约条款的要求，检查官就会对该船实施详细检查。A.787(19)决议定义了明显依据并对如何实施详细检查进行了阐述。

19.Detention

滞留

If PSCO, as a result of detailed inspections, has found deficiencies, he orders to rectify such deficiencies. If the deficiencies are very serious, the ship is detained and will not be allowed to sail until the deficiencies are rectified. In such cased, the flag State administration and classification society involved are notified. Resolution A. 787(19) provides for the definition of detainable deficiencies and procedures to be followed in the case of detention.

如果检查官在详细检查中发现有缺陷，通常会令船方纠正。如果发现的缺陷非常严重，船舶将会被滞留，直到缺陷被纠正才允许船舶开航。在这种情况下，检查官会通知船旗国主管机关及相应

的船级社机构。A.787（19）决议提供了可滞留的定义以及滞留所应遵循的程序。

If the deficiencies cannot be rectified at the port of inspection, PSCO may allow the ship to proceed to the nearest repair yard. Resolution A.787(19) and PSC Manual contain procedures to be followed in such case.如果缺陷不能在检查港纠正，检查官可允许船舶驶往最近的修船厂。 A.787（19）决议以及港口国监督手册中包含了该种情况发生时所应遵循的程序。

20. Reporting

报告

After inspection, the ship is provided with Form A of the port State inspection, and in the case of deficiencies, Forms B as well. In the case of detention, Forms A and B are transmitted to the flag State. PSCO also send the results of inspection to regional database, such as SIRENAC in St. Malo, France, under the Paris MOU and APCIS in Vladivostok, the Russian Federation, under the Tokyo MOU.

检查完毕后，将会给船舶提供一份港口国监督检查的A表，当发现缺陷时还有B表。如果船舶被滞留，A表和B表会被传送给船旗国。检查官也会把检查结果送往区域数据库中心，例如巴黎备忘录位于法国圣马洛的SIRENAC、东京备忘录位于俄罗斯海参葳的APCIS。

21. Following-up action

后续行动-

The port State regularly submit to IMO records for the detention of ships. IMO published the annual detention list. Flag States are obliged to submit to IMO reports on the action taken for detained ships. Many port States and the Paris and Tokyo MOUs publish detention list monthly in their Internet web sites.港口国定期把滞留船舶的记录呈送到国际海事组织（IMO）。然后，IMO发布年度滞留单。船旗国必须把被滞留船舶所采取的措施上报IMO。许多港口国、巴黎备忘录以及东京备忘录都在他们的国际互联网网址上每月发布船舶滞留单。

第四章港口国监督检查主要项目

一证书和文件

22. Before and during inspection, what information should be collected?

Name of ship Flag of ship Type of ship Call sign IMO number gross tonnage deadweight year of build classification society owner/operator number of crew nationality of crew type of cargo next port of call date of last PSC inspection place of last PSC inspection others

23. Related questions

(1) What’s meaning of your ship’s name?

(2) What’s call sign of your ship?

(3) What’s your ship’s nationality?

(4) What’s your IMO number of your ship?

(5) Which classification society was your ship registered?

(6) What type is your vessel?

(7) Our vessel is a general cargo ship/ bulk carrier/ container ship/ LNG/LPG/timber

ship/VLCC/ULCC

(8) When was your ship built up? / when did your ship put into use? / when was your ship

registered in CCS?

(9) Our ship was built up on 1st January 1995. our ship came into service on 2nd march 1996.

our ship was registered on 3rd may 1992.

(10) when was last survey carried out?

24. About certificates

(1) are all required certificates on board valid and respectively endorsed?

(2) yes, they are all valid.

(3) show me your certificate files of the ship, mr. captain. Let me check international

tonnage certificate, cargo ship safety construction certificate, cargo ship radio safety certificate,

and so on..

(4) here you are, sir. All certificates are available and complete.

(5) when operating beyond trade area.

(6) according to the trade area restricted by your classification society, your ship can

exclusively operate at east asia and south china sea. Now, our ship is berthing in our port where

is located in the India ocean, obviously, your ship operates beyond the defined trade area.

Detention is unavoidable.

(7) I was ordered by cable to load at your port. The representative informed me that he

extends the certificates on trade area from CCS. I don’t know whether you received any

information or not.

(8) so far as I know, your classification society did not inform our government. I serve my

duty in compliance with the relevant codes stipulated by IMO, ILO and our local government.

(9) I understand, can I communication with my boss and answer you back after a while?

25. certificate invalid

证书过期

PSCO: your ship’s certificates show that you didn’t do renewing work for certificates. All certificates have expired a few days before. Thus, your ship is unseaworthy. It follows therefore that she will be detained in our port.

Captain: my ship navigated from san Francisco to Tokyo. Before departure, I phoned my company to inform that certificates for ships will be expired. The boss contacted with CCS representative in your port. He will arrange to extend our certificate for three months. I received a cable from my agent. It said the surveyor would come on board the day after tomorrow. I didn’t know port state inspection is earlier than the classification society inspection.

26. At the initial inspection the port state control officer (PSCO) will examine the certificates and documents of ships. So vessels shall carry the following certificates and documents as required:

(1). All vessels shall carry the following certificates:

International tonnage certificate (1969)

International load line certificate (1966)

International load line exemption certificate

Stability information

Minimum safe manning document

International oil pollution prevention certificate (IOPP)

Oil record book part I and part II

Shipboard oil pollution emergency plan

Garbage management plan

Garbage record book

Cargo securing manual

Copy of document of compliance

Safety management certificate (SMC)

Medical certificates (see ILO convention NO.73)

Documents related to ISM code

The muster list, fire control plan

Ships log book with respect to the records of tests and drills and the log for records of inspection and maintenance of life-saving appliances and arrangement

Carts and navigational reference books

Dangerous goods special list or manifest, or detailed stowage plan

Certificates issued in accordance with STCW convention

Certificates as to the ship’s hull strength and machinery installations issued by the classification society in question ( only to be required if the ship maintains its class with a classification society Survey report files (in case of bulk carriers or oil tankers)

Mobile offshore drilling unit safety certificate

Reports of previous port state control inspections

(2). In addition to the certificates listed above, passenger vessels shall carry:

Passenger ship safety certificate

Damage control plan

Exemption certificate

Special trade passenger ships

Special trade passenger ships space certificate

Plan for co-operation with SAR services

List of operational limitations

Decision support system for masters

Information on the A/Amax ratio (for ro-ro passenger ships)

(3) In addition to the certificates listed in the section (1) above cargo vessels shall carry:

Cargo ship safety construction certificate

Cargo ship safety equipment certificate

Cargo ship radio telegraphy certificate

Cargo ship radio telephony certificate

Cargo ship safety radio certificate

Cargo ship safety certificate

Exemption certificate and list of cargoes

Document of compliance with the special requirements for ships

Carrying dangerous goods

Dangerous goods manifest or stowage plan

Document of authorization for the carriage of grain

Certificate of insurance or other financial security in respect of civil liability for oil pollution damage

Enhance survey report file

Record of oil discharge monitoring and control system for the last ballast voyage (for oil tanker)

Bulk carrier booklet

Loading/unloading plan (for bulk carriers)

(4) In addition to the certificates listed in section (1) and (3) above, where appropriate, any ship carrying noxious liquid chemical substances in bulk shall carry:

International pollution prevention certificate for the carriage of noxious liquid substances in bulk (NLS certificate)

Cargo record book

Procedures and arrangements manual (P & A MANUAL)

Shipboard marine pollution emergency plan for noxious liquid substances

(5) In addition to the certificates listed in section (1) and (3) above, where appropriate, any chemical tanker shall carry:

Certificate of fitness for the carriage of dangerous chemicals in bulk (as required by BCH Code)

International certificate of fitness for the carriage of dangerous chemical in bulk (as reuired by IBC code)

(6) In addition to the certificates listed in section (1) and (3) above, where appropriate, any gas carrier shall carry:

Certificate of fitness for the carriage of liquefied gases in bulk ( as required by GC code)

International certificate of fitness for carriage of liquefied gases in bulk (as required by IGC Code)

(7) In addition to the certificates listed in section (1) and (3) above, where appropriate, any high-speed craft shall carry:

High-speed craft safety certificate

Permit to operate high-speed craft

(8) In addition to the certificates listed in section (1) and (3) above, where applicable, any ship

carrying INF cargo shall carry:

International certificate of fitness for the carriage of INF cargo

二、检查项目

（一）Safety in general

27. Your entries in logbook are ambiguous/not clear.

28. What language do you use in your logbook?

29. The amended items are not signed. / There is no signature in the amended entries.

30. The logbook is not clean.

31. There is contradiction between deck logbook and engine logbook.

32. You should use symbols and marks rather than wordings.

33. The language in logbook is not standard English/written English/not understandable

34. Life drills and fire drills should be written in the ship’s logbook.

35. Are certified copies of the statutory certificates posted?

36. Are up-to-date fire control plans been posted in accommodation alleyways, are clearly readable and show a sign of approval? Is one copy stored in a prominently marked and weather tight container outside the deckhouse?

37. Are SOLAS training manuals available, showing specific instructions for appliances onboard and are written in a language understood by all crewmembers?

38. Are instruction manuals for onboard maintenance of life-saving applicances availale and understood by all crewmembers? Is regular maintenance being recorded?

39. Are operating instructions for life-saving appliances posted on scene and under emergency illumination? Are they in a language understood by all crewmembers?

40. Have regular drills for fire fighting, abandon ship and rescue boat operation been carried out satisfactorily as required? Are they recorded in the logbook?

41. Is the actual crewcomposition in accordance with the requirements as per safe manning certificate?

42. Are the master, deck officers, engineer officers and ratings in possession of a respective certificate of competence?

43. Do certificates of the crew have endorsements by flag as appropriate?

44. Are crewmembers in possession of valid medical examination certificates as appropriate?

45. Have new crewmembers been made familiarized with their duties and the safety equipment onboard?

46. Working language inspection?

(1) Captain, which language do you use on board the ship?

(2) Chinese, and English ./ we use English/Chinese as working language

(3) chief engineer, I am PSC officer from ……could you show me your engine logbook from voyage NO.3 TO NO.9 this year?

(4) OK, Please wait a minute.

47. Is the steering gear control system operating properly, including all alarms?

48. Are officers knowledgeable in the emergency steering procedures?

49. Have required arrival and departure tests been carried out, i.e ,testing steering, general alarms, and whistle, etc?

50. Are electric outlets and fixtures in crew cabins in satisfactory condition in accordance with ILO requirements?

51.Are there no persons (other than those who are sick) living in the hospital space?

52. Do doors to accommodation spaces close properly?

53. Are crew’s accommodations in satisfactory condition in accordance with ILO requirements?

54. Are WC’S in satisfactory condition, including plumbing, running water, sanitary conditions?

55. Are bugs and rodents properly dealt with?

56. Are crew’s provisions in satisfactory condition with no spoilage or unsanitary condition in stowage or galleys?

57. Are up-to-date muster lists written in a language understood by the crewmembers? Are duties about maintenance of safety equipment included? Are duties about carrying emergency radio equipment into the survival crafts included? Are they posted on the bridge, in engine control room accommodation spaces?

58. Are public alarm systems as for general alarm and engineer’s alarm of unmanned machinery system working properly?

59. Are all paint materials stored inside the designated paint locker only?

60. Are all escape ways accessible and free of obstructions and are they properly illuminated?

61. Are IMO symbols properly used for marking escape ways and locations of emergency equipment?

(二) Navigation safety

航行安全

62. Where should the muster lists be exhibited on board?

The muster lists should be exhibited in exhibited places throughout the ship, including the navigational bridge, the engine room and the crew accommodation spaces.

63. What are the requirements of the muster list?

The followings are the requirements of the muster list:

(1)The muster list shows the duties assigned to the different members of the crew;

(2)The muster list specifies which officers are assigned to ensure that life-saving and fire

appliances are maintained in good condition and are ready for immediate use;

(3)The muster list specifies the substitutes for key persons who may become disabled,

taking into account that different emergencies may call for different actions;

(4)The muster list shows the duties assigned to crewmembers in relation to passengers

in case of emergency;

(5)The format of the muster list used on passenger ships is approved.

64. Usually the PSCO how to determine whether the muster list is up to date?

To determine whether the muster list is up to date, usually the PSCO can require an up-to-date crew list, if available, to verify this. Other possible means, e.g. safe manning document, may be used for this purpose.

65. Communication

The PSCO may determine if the key crewmembers are able to communicate with each other, and with passengers as appropriate, in such a way that the safe operation of the ship is not impaired, especially in emergency situations. The PSCO may ask the master which languages are used as the working languages. The PSCO may ensure that the key crewmembers are able to understand each other during the inspection or drills. The crewmembers assigned to assist passengers should be able to give the necessary information to the passengers in case of an emergency.

66. What should officers in charge of a navigational watch be familiar with?

Officer in charge of a navigational watch should be familiar with bridge control and navigational equipment, changing the steering mode from automatic to manual and vice versa, and the ship’s

manoeuvring characteristics. The officer in charge of a navigational watch should have knowledge of the location and operation of all safety and navigational equipment. Moreover, this officer should be familiar with procedures which apply to the navigation of the ship in all circumstances and should be aware of all information available.

67. What should be the familiarity of the officers?

The officers should be familiar with all the information available to them such as manoeuvring characteristics of the ship, life-saving signals, up-to-date nautical publications, checklists concerning bridge procedures, instructions, manuals, etc. the officers should all be familiar with procedures such as periodical tests and cheks of equipment, preparations for arrival and departure,change over of steering modes, signaling, communications, manoeuvring emergencies and log book entries.

68. What do clear grounds to conduct a more detailed inspection include?

Clear grounds to conduct a more detailed inspection include:

(1)the absence of principal equipment or arrangements required by the conventions;

(2)evidence from a review of the ship’s certificates that a certificate or certificates are

clearly invalid;

(3)evidence that the ship’s logs, manuals or other required documentation are not on

board, are not maintained, or are falsely maintained;

(4)evidence from the PSCO’s general impressions and observations that serious hull or

structural deterioration or deficiencies exist that may place at risk the structural, watertight

integrity of the ship;

(5)evidence from the PSCO’s general impressions or observations that serious

deficiencies exist in the safety, pollution prevention, or navigational equipment;

(6)information or evidence that the master or crew is not familiar with essential shipboard

operations relating to the safety of ships or the prevention of pollution, or that such operations

have not been carried out,

(7)indications that key crewmembers may not be able to communicate with each other or

with other persons on board;

(8)absence of an up-to-date muster list, fire control plan, and for passenger ships, a

damage control plan

(9)the emission of false distress alerts not followed by proper cancellation procedures;

(10)receipt of a report or complaint containing information that a ship appears to be

substandard.

69. As far as GMDSS is concerned, what may be checked by the PSCO prior to visiting the ship?

As far as GMDSS is concerned, the PSCO may check if it has a history of poor communication or false distress alerts not followed up by proper cancellation procedures.

70.What are the important functions of the GMDSS certificate?

The important functions of the GMDSS certificates are that the certificate should certify the vessel is GMDSS compliant and specify the sea areas for which the ship equipped to operate.

71.What are the qualifications of the crew to GMDSS?

The qualifications of the crew to GMDSS are that the vessel should carry on board sufficient number of qualified operators in accordance with the ship’s radio certification and minimum safe manning certificate.

72.About the GMDSS equipment provided on board, what may be checked by the PSCO?

About the GMDSS equipment provided on board, the PSCO may check if the GMDSS equipment is

in accordance with that shown on the ship’s radio certification and if the correct callsign, ship station identify and other codes are marked as applicable on the respective equipment.

73.What can a good indication of the satisfactory operation of the equipment be obtained by checking?

A good indication of the satisfactory operation of the equipment be obtained by checking transmission

records and details, such as copies of MSI and radio messages sent and received during the previous voyage.

74.Which vessels have to comply with the GMDSS?

All ships subject to SOLAS Chapter IV have to fit GMDSS equipment generally, all passenger vessels and all cargo ships over 300 gross tonnages on international voyages.

75.Are Load Line marks on side of vessel readily visible and do they conform to Load line certificate?

76.Are scupper drains free of obstructions?

77.Is stability information available and in a language understandable to the crew?

78.Is hull free of any damage?

79.Are closing appliance in satisfactory?

80.Are bulwarks, handrails, cat walks, without signs of damage and excessive wastage?

81.Are hatch cover arrangements including gaskets and all closing appliances watertight and in good condition without signs of excessive wastage?

82.Are ventilators and air pipes including any closing appliances properly working without signs of damage and excessive wastage and to be closed watertight?

83.Are weathertighty doors including keyhole closing devices and small access hatches watertight?

84.Are draft marks and Plimsoll marks painted in contrasting color?

85.Are Plimsoll marks permanently marked and in accordance with the Load Line Certificate?

(三) Navigation equipment

航海仪器

86.Is the crew capable of operating NA VTEX, and are safety messages available for review by PSC?

87.Is echo depth sounder working properly and paper and ink supplied?

88.Are gyro compass and all repeaters working properly?

89.Is list of lights current?

90.Is list of Radio signals/ITU publication current?

91.Is speaking tube between magnetic compass and bridge in satisfactory condition?

92.Is magnetic compass in satisfactory condition and liquid level satisfactory?

93.Is compass deviation chart available and up-to-date?

94.Are nautical charts current and corrected, and are charts for intended voyages available?

95.Is chart catalog current?

96.Is notice to mariners current?

97.Is radar/ARPA working properly?

98.Are navigation lights working properly, in satisfactory condition, and are proper bulbs being used?

99.Are sailing directions and supplements current?

100.Is rudder angle indicator in satisfactory condition?

101.Are the pilot ladder and embarkation arrangement in satisfactory condition (ladder steps should not be painted)

102.Are tide and current tables on board and are they current?

103.Is a copy of all applicable international conventions on board (e .g. SOLAS, MARPOL, Load Line, etc.)?

104.Is radio direction finder operating satisfactorily and have check bearing been taken in the past year? Is an updated calibration table available?

105.Can VHF set be turned to channel 16?

106.Is life-saving signal card and board current?

107.Is ship master medical guide current?

108.Are all proper training manuals present and current?

109.Is the steering gear including rudder angle indicator as well as emergency steering gear including switch-over devices in operating condition and the steering gear alarm functioning? Are instructions for handing posted in vicinity?

110.Are Radio Direction Finder in operational condition? If the R.D.F. is not provided and ship is exempted, is a valid Exemption Certificate available?

111.Are communication systems between bridge and engine room and steering gear room in working condition?

112.Is the magnetic steering compass in good condition and properly visible from steering position? Is updated calibration table available?

（四）Crew health and safety

船员健康与安全

113.Are all of the accommodation rooms/spaces being used for what they are designated for? (e. g. of a problem, crews gym being used as an engine room store.)

114.Are all of the accommodation rooms/spaces being kept clean and tidy?

115.Is the accommodation heating system working?

116.Are all engine room bilges clean and fee of oil?

117.Is the steering gear compartment clean and free of garbage and oil?

118.Is the engine room clean? (no accumulation of oily rags and garbage)

119.Is hot and cold water available to all crewmembers?

120.Is water pressure available to the WC’s?

121.Are acetylene and oxygen bottles stored outside the accommodation, engine room and all machinery spaces?

122.Has all garbage been removed from the vessel?

123.Is paint, thinners/solvents stored outside of the accommodation spaces, stores and all machinery spaces? (in other words, in the paint store.)

124.Are the officers and crews sanitary facilities clean?

125.Are cockroaches and other insects properly dealt with?

126.Are crew bathrooms, water closets, and sinks operating properly?

127.Has the galley hot plate filters been changed recently? Is the galley uptake dirty? Are grease filter fitted over the galley stove? Is the trunking dirty?

128.If drinking water fountains are fitted throughout the vessel, are they in good working order?

129.Are there sufficient provisions on board?

130.Is the machinery installed in the engine room workshop in good working order? Are the

necessary protection devices in place?

131.Could you show me your wage list for this month?

132.Who makes the wage standards for every crew?

133.Is there any overtime charge?

134.Could you tell me your protective measures when working?

135.What are the duties of the galley crew and others in the steward’ department?

They are responsible for the cleanliness of the food preparation and storage areas, and for ensuring that food is served in the mess areas and dining saloons with due regard to hygiene

136.What’s the responsibility of the ship’s master and the chief steward in respect of food hygiene?

It is the responsibility of the ship’s master and the chief steward to monitor the health of those handling food and to make regular and unscheduled inspections of areas for the storage, preparations, and service of food, as well as the self-dispensing food service units aboard the ship.

137.What does the proper care of a ship’s food services and supplies involves?

It involves the food-handlers; the conditions of purchase; the surroundings in which the food is stored, prepared, and served; the care of the utensils and utilities; the disposal of food wastes; and the control of vectors of disease such as insects and rodents.

138.Who should not be employed in food preparation or food-handling?

The persons who either are suffering from a disease capable of being transmitte by food or water or are carriers of such a disease should not be emploued in food preparation or food-handling.

139.What is the requirements of the surfaces of all decks bulkheads and deckheads in the areas where food is processed, served, and stored?

The surfaces of all decks bulkheads and deckheads in the areas where food is processed, served, and stored should be corrosion-free, smooth, and easy to clean. All surfaces coming into contact with foods should be of material that is corrosion-resistant, non-toxic, non-absorbent, smooth, durable, and easy to clean.

140.What are the requirements of the heating system of the crew accommodation space?

The requirements of the heating system of the crew accommodation space are capable of maintaining the temperature in crew accommodation space at a satisfactory level under normal conditions of weather and climate likely to be met with on service.

141.What are the requirements of the ventilation system of the crw accommodation space?

The requirements of the ventilation system of the crew accommodation space are capable of maintaining the air of the crew accommodation space in a satisfactory condition and to ensure a sufficiency of air movement in all conditions of weather and climate.

142.Are the sanitary facilities in crew accommodation clean and in proper condition?

143.Are the ventilation and air conditioning arrangement in proper working condition?

144.Are the galley and provision rooms clean and without possible signs of vermin?

145.Is the galley ventilation grease trap clean?

146.Is all garbage collected, separated and disposed of in accordance with garbage Management?

147.Is the accommodation ladder including hoisting arrangements and safety net in good condition?

148.Are sick bay and medical locker complete and in condition as required?

149.What are the minimum standards for natural lighting in living rooms of the crew?

The minimum standards for natural lighting in living rooms of the crew are to permit a crewmember with a normal vision to read on a clear day an ordinary newspaper in any part of the space available for free movement.

150.What do the deficiencies pertaining to the crew accommodations include?

The deficiencies pertaining to the crew accommodations include infestation by cockroaches, blocked drains, dirty hospitals and bathroom, toilet piping leaking, shower nozzles and shower controls missing, crewmembers living in hospital spaces, doors to accommodations not closing adequately, and light fixtures and switch broken etc.

151.First aid

急救

1)case 1

PSCO: Assumed that a crew on board is unconscious, Please arrange rescue.

Chief mate: Yes, sir (to crew) The officer asked us to have a life drill. John, could you act as a patient? Just lie down and do not move. I will arrange first aid work..

A.B: Yes sir. (lie down)

Chief mate: His breathing is very weak and pulse is weak and irregular. First aid is required. (to one of crew) call captain! I will perform artificial respiration.

Captain: What’s happening?

Chief mate: He is unconscious, His breathing is very weak. Look at his face. It is pale. Could you ask for shore-based medical advice?

Captain: OK. Fetch pen or pencil. Write down the symptom of the patient. OK. I will send this message to the harbor and ask for medical advice and assistance.

PSCO: Stop. OK. You are satisfied.

2)Case 2

PSCO: who is holding special certificate on first aid. Mr. Captain?

Captain: chief mate and I have been trained by maritime safety administration of china, and we are holding first aid certificates.

3)Case 3

PSCO: What should be paid attention to when rescue a patient with heart disease?

Captain: First, do not move. Let the patient rest. If possible, unties patient clothes, and keep his/her breathing smooth. If the heart is not working, do artificial respiration. For angina pectoris, take the following medicines; Nitroglycerin, Amyl Nitrite, Isosorbidi Binitras; for heart muscle blockade take the following medicines; Lidocaine, dolatin, Dopamine; for heart ceasing, take the following medicine; Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, isoprenaline.

4)Case 4

PSCO: What actions should be taken where man-overboard?

The following actions should be taken:

When man-overboard, the first action should notify the whole ship, stop engine, put hard rudder to the side the crew has fallen overboard, and if possible release immediately lifebuoy with light and smoke signal on the side the crewmember has fallen over-board, take immediate avoiding action so as not to run the man overboard commence a recovery manoeuvre, such as a Williamsom Turn

Other actions may be as the follows:

Sound three prolonged blasts of the ship’s whistle and repeat as necessary

Post a lookout with binoculars and instructions to maintain a continuous watch on the man overboard Hoist signal flag “O”

Engage hand steering, if helmsman available

Note ship’s position, wind speed and direction and time

Inform engine room immediately

Place engines on stand-by

Muster rescue boat’s crew

Prepare rescue boat for possible launching

Distribute portable VHF radios for communication

Rig pilot ladder/net to assist in the recovery make ship’position available to radio room/GMDSS station broadcast URGENCY message to ships in the vicinity

5)Case 5

PSCO: Tell me please, which medicine will be used for a patient in fever?

Chief: Fever can be divided into two kinds, infectious and non-infectious. If body temperature is more than 38 centigrade, patient can take some de-fever medicines., such as Analgin, Amidoprine, Compound amidopyine. All of these medicines can be easily found out on the medicine shelf.

6)Case 6

PSCO: Which medicine will be used for a patient with fracture?

Chief mate: When there is a fracture happens, we must use stiffeners to fix the broken skeleton. But when lashing, the most important first aid care of fracture is the prevention of movement of affected parts, and the stiffener can not touch skeleton directly. Generally speaking, use bandages, cloth tapes.

While fixing, do not affect blood circulation, if patient were found pale face, coma, pang, black or purple skin, re-fixing is necessary. The following medicine can be used for the patient. Such as morphine hydrochloride, dolatin, rotundin, if there is infectious for fracture patient, he can be treated by the following medicines; penicillin G cephalothine, cephaloridine, cephalolexine, and so on.

7)Case 7

Every crew on board should know three basic life-saving actions to be taken immediately for a casualty:

----- to give artificial respiration by the mouth-to-mouth/nose method

----- to place an unconscious casualty in the unconscious position

----- to stop seer bleeding

8)Case 8

When there is a casualty in enclosed space, how do you carry out the rescue work?

Well, on this case, it must be assumed that the atmosphere in the space is hostile, so the rescue team must not enter the enclosed space unless wearing breathing apparatus, which must also be fitted to the casualty as soon as possible. And the casualty must be removed quickly to the nearest safe adjacent area outside the enclosed space unless his injuries and the likely time of evacuation make treatment essential before movement. Then begin to carry out necessary rescue work.

152.Related principles of first aids to the casualties on board:

Make a rapid examination of the patient to assess responsiveness and the extent of the injury

Check breathing, heart and look for serious bleeding

If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration

If the heart has stopped, give heart compression and artificial respiration

Arrest serious bleeding

Handle the patient as little and as gently as possible so as to prevent further injuries, and prevent further shock

See that the patient is put in the most comfortable position possible and loosen tight clothing so that he can breathe easily

Do not remove more clothing than is necessary and, when you do, remove it gently. With an injured limb, get the sound limb out of the clothing first and then peel the clothes off the injured limb, which should be supported by another person during the process. If cutting clothes is indicated to expose the injured part, so so. In removing a boot or shoe remove the lace and, if necessary, cut the upper down towards the toecap; keep onlookers away.

Always remember that shock can be a great danger to life and one of the main objects of first aid is to prevent this

You may have to improvise splints, bandages etc.

Do not give alcohol in any form

Do not move the patient until he is fit to be moved. Bleeding should be arrested, fractures immobilized and shock treated. See that the necessary personnel and equipment for smooth and efficient transport are available.

Never consider anyone to be dead until you and others agree that;

Breathing has stopped

No pulse is felt and no sounds are heard when the examiner’s ear is put to the chest

The eyes are glazed and pupils are dilated

There is a progressive cooling of the body

（五）Structural integrity

船舶结构完整性

153.What should influence the PSCO’s decision as to whether it is necessary to make the fullest possible examination of the structure with the ship afloat?

The PSCO’s impression of hull maintenance and the general state on deck, the condition of such items as ladder ways, guard-rails pipe coverings and areas of corrosion or pitting should influence the PSCO’s decision as to whether it is necessary to make the fullest possible examination of the structure with the ship afloat.

154.What structure deficiencies may justify detention?

Significant areas of damage or corrosion, or pitting of plating and associated stiffening in decks and hull affecting seaworthiness or strength to take local loads, may justify detention.

155.In reaching a detention decision, what can the PSCO have regard to?

In reaching a detention decision, the PSCO can have regard to the seaworthiness and not the age of the ship, making an allowance for fair wear and tear over the minimum acceptable scantlings. Damage not affecting seaworthiness will not constitute grounds for judging that a ship should be detained, nor will damage that has been temporarily but effectively repaired for a voyage to a port for permanent repairs. However, in this assessment of the effect of damage, the PSCO can have regard to the location of crew accommodation and whether the damage substantially affects its habitability.

156.Which file can the PSCO’s assessment of the safety of the structure of bulk carriers and oil tanker be based on?

The PSCO’s assessment of the safety of the structure of bulk carriers and oil tanker can be based on the Survey Report File carried on board, because this file should contain reports of structural surveys, condition evaluation reports (translated into English and endorsed by the Administration), thickness measurement reports and a survey planning document.

157.Which special attention of structure, as appropriates, can be given by the PSCO if the Survey Report File necessitates a more detailed inspection of the structure of the ship or if no such report is carried?

If the Survey Report File necessitates a more detailed inspection of the structure of the ship or if no such report is carried, special attention can be given by the PSCO, as appropriate, to hull structure, piping systems in way of cargo tanks or holds, pump-room, cofferdams, pipe tunnels, void spaces within the cargo area, and ballast tanks.

158.For the structure of bulk carriers, what can PSCOs inspects?

For the structure of bulk carriers, PSCOs can inspect holds main structure for any obviously unauthorized repairs.

159.What structure can the PSCO examine closely when the PSCO has concluded that a hull inspection is unnecessary, but if dissatisfied on the basis of observations on deck, with items such as defective hatch closing arrangements, corroded air pipes and vent coamings?

When the PSCO has concluded that a hull inspection is unnecessary but, if dissatisfied on the basis of observations on deck, with items such as defective hatch closing arrangements, corroded air pipes and vent coamings, the PSCO can examine closely the conditions of assignment of load lines, paying particular attention to closing appliances, means of freeing water from the deck and arrangements concerned with the protection of the crew.

(六) Structure and Machinery

结构与机械设备

160.Are accommodation accesses in satisfactory condition with no seized doores and frozen dogs?

161.Have accommodation ladders and gangways been checked and found satisfactory?

162.Are the accommodation doors leading to and from the engine room been examined, tested to prove they close properly and are in a satisfactory condition?

163.Are ballast tanks free of leaks in upper wings into cargo holds?

164.Have ballast tanks been checked for structural wastage/damage?

165.Is bulbous bow plating in satisfactory condition with no plating distorted?

166.Have bunker tank air pipes been checked for wastage or missing flame screens?

167.Have access ladders to cargo holds been checked? Are they satisfactory?

168.Have cargo holds been checked for structural damage, wastage, etc.?

169.Have tank tops in cargo holds been checked for damage?

170.Have cargo tanks been checked for leaks (i.e., cargo leading from cargo tanks into segregated ballast tank)?

171.Has the engine room structure, especially in way of the bilge knuckle and forward bulkhead been examined recently? Was it found satisfactory?

172.Has the collision bulkhead been checked for fractures/holes/wastage?

173.Have the hatch side coamings, respective brackets and hatch cover been checked for fractures/wastage?

174.Have decks been checked for holes and wastage, especially in mast house, where damage may be overlooked?

175.Have deck walkways/platforms been checked for wastage?

176.Have brake bands been checked for deck hatch winches?

177.Has the side shell plating been checked for deformations?

178.If doublers have been fitted on deck, is there a record when they were installed? Have areas around been checked for wastage? If fitted, has it been brought to the attention of the Class Surveyor?

179.Have fire dampers been tested? Are they in satisfactory condition? Are the funnel fire dampers working, are they in good condition and do they close properly?

180.Has the forecastle storage space been checked for wastage or structural damage?

181.Has the forepeak tank been checked for corrosion or structural damage?

182.Have fuel and ballast tank air pipes been checked for wastage?

183.Have hatch cleat brackets been checked for bucking?

184.Have hatch cleat brackets been tested and checked for wastage?

185.Have hatch covers been examined for wastage or structural damage and weathertightness?

186.Have hatch cover sealing rubber and retaining channel been checked?

187.Have hatch cover sealing trackways been examined to make sure drainage holes are clear and free of rust?

188.Have hatch covers, securing devices been checked (missing or wasted ones to be replaced)?

189.If the hatch covers are controlled hydraulically, was the system checked for any leaks?

190.Have hatch coamings been examined? Were they found satisfactory?

191.If there is an engine room hatch fitted (at any deck level), is it in good condition and does the cover close satisfactory? If dogs are used to secure the cover, are they in satisfactory condition?

192.If a steering gear hatch cover is fitted (at any deck level) is it in good condition and does it close satisfactory?

193.Are there any leaks in the steering gear compartment, e.g. from stern post, steering gear rams, etc.? if so, were they fixed in a satisfactory manner?

194.If a door is fitted between the steering gear compartment and the engine room is it in good condition and does it close satisfactory?

195.Were the engine room skylights examined, tested to see they close properly and were they in good condition?

196.Have ship side guard rails/stanchion supports been checked? Are they in good condition?

197.Have tank vents/closure heads been checked for corrosion, damage, and are there any with soft patches?

198.Was each cabin checked to verify port lights are in place and were they found to be in satisfactory condition?

199.Have weathertight doors been checked for leaks? Are they in good condition and do they close satisfactory?

200.Have all accommodation self-closing doors been examined and tested for satisfactory operation?

201. Are there any doublers on the accommodation structure? If so, has it been brought to the attention of the Class Surveyor?

202. Have the pump room ventilators been tested? Are they working, are they in good condition and do they close properly?

203. Were bulwarks examined, are there any supports missing or broken, were they fixed in a satisfactory manner?

204. Has the ballast stripping educator pipe been checked for leaks?

205. Has the Emergency hand pump for starting the emergency fire pump been tester recently?

206. Have handrails in engine room been checked (any broken/missing ones to be repaired)?

207. Have deck hydraulic lines been checked for leaks, corrosion, damage, etc?

208. Have engine room fire/ballast lines been checked for holes, soft patches, wastage, etc.?

209. Has the sewage piping in the engine room been examined? Is any of the piping leaking or fitted with patches? Remember, this is not covered by the Class.

210. Has all of the piping in the engine room been examined? Was any of the piping fitted with

工作总结-英语常规检查小结2篇精品

英语常规检查小结2篇闪光点：本次组织检查教师常规教学。主要是课前（备课）课中（教学）课后（练习巩固）三个环节，在各个环节中，老师们都能认真而严谨地对待。备课环节步骤清晰，重难点突出，辅以小结，目的明确。授课过程中，老师们能循循善诱、由浅入深，课堂教学严谨，能及时根据学生的掌握程度进行灵活调整课堂节奏，从而达到教学目的，收到良好的教学效果。课后辅练环节，根据学生实际情况，老师们做到了因材施教，作业有坡度和层次。不足点：教师的教案缺失反馈反思环节，九年级的学习除了备课堂，更应体现出备学生，备考点、备学生的疑点。备课中老师们普遍缺乏针对中考考点的点击及延伸。上课环节能紧扣课本，但实验班的学生应注重知识的提升和归纳，加大课堂容量，注重知识的拓展。教师须准确地把握考点，及时总结。辅导练习环节建议针对错题加强讲解和训练，做到有的放矢，不留死角。而实验班的高分层次主要取决于两个方面：基础扎实，能力提升。建议：针对学生的实际情况进行备课设计，每单元进行教学反思及语法项目的针对性突破练习，从而达到巩固课堂的目的。课堂上层次较好的学生应注重拔高和培优，加深、加宽知识面，提高学生的综合能力。英语常规检查小结（2）：在前后将近三周的时间里，课程教学处吴秀娟副主任和英语教师吴燕、听了19位英语老师的推门课，并进行了课堂常规检查。本次检查主要从课前、上课、下课三个大项，其中上课又分为课前准备、行上课礼、课堂学生的专心度，有序发言、课堂纪律、小组合作学习、教学过程等八个小项进行。经过听课、检查、对比分析认为老师们的课堂常规总体上规范有序：能认真钻研教材，课堂生动、有趣，较圆满地完成了教学任务、达到预期的教学目的。课堂上没有发现学生重大违纪现象。其中：黄玉映老师、吴燕老师、朱金梅老师、黄惠芳老师执行课堂常规到位，值得表扬。现将检查情况总结如下：一、主要亮点： 1.吴燕老师：关注课堂中的每一位学生，及时提醒开小差的同学；积极鼓励学生大胆发言，学生参与面比较大，整节课保持活跃而不乱，很成功。

常规检查反馈英语

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小学英语课堂教学常规要求(终审稿)

小学英语课堂教学常规要求文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-

小学英语课堂教学常规要求快乐参与热情鼓励高效一、备课英语教案编写的构成要素 A.在设计教学活动之前一般要回答以下一些问题: 1)你想你的学生在这节课上学习什么内容, 让他们学习一种技能,一件事实,一个概念,一种态度还是一种观点 2)你教学的具体目标是什么 3)你打算如何安排教学内容的先后顺序 4)你觉得哪种教学方法最合适 5)你用什么形式检查或评价你教学的结果 B. 考虑了这些问题之后,便可以按照以下步骤具体设计一堂课,编写教案: 1)确定教学目标 2)选择要教的语言项目 3)划分教学活动的阶段 4)设计每个阶段中的各种活动 C. 教师在进行教案设计时应该注意的事项: 1)教学目标的表述要明确,即用可以观察得到的学生行为的语言来表述; 2)安排教学活动要适合学生情况,如学生的语言水平,年龄,兴趣等; 3)安排课堂活动时要考虑到课堂空间的大小,学生可活动的范围等,尽量减少组织方面造成的干扰; 4)时间分配要合理,如新旧内容所占的比例,讲解与练习的时间比例等. 5) 教案一般要求是每次备一个单元,要求用英语. 二、课堂教学步骤(五步教学法) 步骤一:复习 1.复习的作用温故知新,防止遗忘 2.复习的内容日常用语,词汇,语音,句型和句式,已学的语言材料等. 3.复习的形式和方法(形式多样,方法灵活) a.帮助记忆(表演,实物,模型,玩具,图片) b.通过复习,呈现新课内容步骤二:呈现 1.呈现的形式学生表演,借助动作姿势和表情,利用事物或图片,模型,玩具等,利用图表,简笔画,利用卡片并听录音,猜谜提问或动作演示,用唱歌等其他方式创设情景. 2.呈现步骤的应用要点 a.目的性,针对性;关联性;直观有效性;趣味性.

英语语法完成时篇

完成时篇（一）——现在完成时 [提问] 请问在句子“Working in London has been the best decision I have made so far. （Experiencing English Integrated Book1 Page71）”中，为什么时间状语是完成时的情况下，主句仍然可以使用现在完成时呢？答：完成时态通常表示已完成或已经开始从事的动作，它可以分为现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时以及完成进行时。根据定义我们可以了解到，除了表示到现在为止动作已经完成或已经开始以外，还有多种情况可以用现在完成时来表达。一、动作从过去某个时间开始发生，延续到现在，并且说话前已经完成。例如：The mission has been carried out well.任务已经很好地完成了。 Those girls have eaten two big cakes.女孩们已经吃了两个蛋糕了。二、某个动作或状态发生在过去，持续并影响现在，有可能会继续保持下去。例如：My brother has been abroad for several years.我哥哥已经出国好几年了。 It has rained all morning.雨下了一个早晨。 Up to now, parents have accepted the pop music youths prefer to.现在，家长们已经接受了年轻人喜欢的流行音乐。 I have known him since the summer in 2001.自2001年的那个夏天，我就认识他了。三、动作发生在现在之前的某个时间，可能是多次动作的集合，也表示习惯性的动作或状态。例如：Xiao Qin has come over here three times in the daytime.白天小覃已经来过三次了。 Which countries have you traveled recently?最近你都去过那些国家？ How many papers have you read today? 你今天看了几篇论文？四、动作过去曾发生过一次或多次，也可能是一种经历。例如：Students are very pride that the president has once visited their school. 学生们为总统曾访问过他们学校而骄傲。 Accidents like this have happened more than 20 times these years.这几年此类事故发生不下20起。在现在完成时态的句子中，常伴随的时间状语有：already，yet，ever，never，just，before，lately，recently，till/until，always，now，since，today; in past years，all morning，all one’s life，up to now，these days，this week/month/year，for a long time。现在完成时中有几点语法点要注意的： 1）for引出的时间状语只能修饰表示延续性动作的动词。不能用来修饰表示瞬间、短暂动作或位置转移的动词。如John has come to China for three years，此句错误，come这个动作是短暂性动词，不可能持续发生，因此可改为John has been in China for three years，约翰已经爱中国生活了3年。短暂性动词有appear, begin，borrow，buy，come，close，die，fall，find，finish，join，kill，leave，lend，lose，see，start，stop。 2）在表示时间或条件的状语从句可以用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。例如：He will not quit my job until his parents have permitted.父母允许后他才会辞职。 I will arrive at 6 o’clock if the car h as been prepared then.如果到时车准备好了，我能在6 点到达。 3）It is the first/second time that…这个结构中，that从句要用现在完成时。例如：It is the first time that I have heard of his deeds.这是我第一次听说他的事迹。

常规检查反馈(英语)

常规检查反馈(英语) Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】

1、认真备课，使用集备教案的要有个性化的增减。备课时，做到吃透教材，了解学生，掌握学生的差异。教学时，心中不仅有教材，更有学生，能依据学生的表现，及时修改教学设计。 2、要认真对待课后反思工作，认真写教学反思。上完课，能安排一点时间，以自己的教育理念和所学的教育学、心理学理论，认真审视自己的教学行为和课堂状况，将所思所悟所感及时记下来，把学生的习得情况记录下来，以改进教学，促进自身素质的提高。二、作业完成与批改情况总体情况良好，作业封面干净整洁，保持得好，学生做得认真，正确率高，教师改得认真，误判率低。注重错题的订正。有的学校注重采用学生喜闻乐见的图章或图案激励学生，或者简单的英语“Good! Very good! Exerlant! Well done!”等。【亮点】 1、作业封面统一，有姓名、班级、座号等，并且作业有按座位号顺序排列整齐明了。 2、大多数老师能够及时认真批改作业，批改符号规范，且批改日期和等级完整。 3、有的老师批改细致，逐个单词、逐题批阅，对作业等级划分清楚、日期完整，对作业书写认真、作业有进步的学生采用激励性的语言进行个性化的评价。 4、学生作业中的错题能及时更改，多数学生书写认真规范。【存在问题】

英语语法现在完成时的基本例句精修订

英语语法现在完成时的基本例句 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#

现在完成时的基本例句： 1．I have worked here since 1970. 自1970 年以来我就在这儿工作。 2．He has been to the Great Wall twice. 他已经去过两次长城了。 3．Mike has just finished his homework. 迈克刚做完他的作业。现在完成时是描述过去发生的而与现在情况有关的事或状态（例2，例3），或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况（例1），换言之，现在完成时是表现从过去到现在的事情。2 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的形式皆以“ have(has)+过去分词”来表示，有“继续”、“完了”、“结果”、“经验”等用法。继续 I have studied English for three years. 我已经学习英语三年了。 She has been sick since last month. 她从上个月就生病了。经验 I have visited Beijing many times. 我访问过北京好多次了。 Have you ever been to Hawaii 你曾经去夏威夷吗完成 I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。 Has he finished his work yet 他作好工作了吗结果 My brother has become a teacher. 我哥哥已经成为一名教师了。 I have lost my watch. 我手表弄丢了。（我现在仍旧没有表）

经典英语语法100句

1. Education is the door to freedom. 教育是通向自由之门。[一个简单的主系结构] 2. Challenges make life interesting. 挑战使生活变得有趣。[make+…+:形容词作宾语补足语。] 3. Difficulties make life worth living. 困难让生活有价值。[make+…+介词短语：介词短语作宾语补足语。] 4. Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. 世界上没有什么可以取代坚持。[否定词作主语。Take the place of：代替。] 5. It’s impossible to defeat a person who never gives up! 打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的。[动词不定式作主语，“it”为形式主语。“who”引导的定语从句修饰先行词”a person”。] 6. The most important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. 生活中最重要的事情就是有一个远大的目标，并有决心实现它。[动词不定式作表语和定语。] 7. If you can dream it, you can do it. 只要你想得到，人就做得到。[“if”引导的条件状语从句。] 8. Actions speak louder than words. 行动比语言更加强大。[副词比较级] 9. Deeds are more powerful than words. 行为比言语更加强大。[形容语比较级] 10. Mistakes show us what we still need to learn. 从错误中我们知道该学什么。[“what”引导的宾语从句作直接宾语。从句中动词不定式作宾语。]

英语常规检查小结篇

英语常规检查小结篇 Revised by BLUE on the afternoon of December 12,2020.

英语常规检查小结2篇闪光点：本次组织检查教师常规教学。主要是课前（备课）——课中（教学）——课后（练习巩固）三个环节，在各个环节中，老师们都能认真而严谨地对待。备课环节步骤清晰，重难点突出，辅以小结，目的明确。授课过程中，老师们能循循善诱、由浅入深，课堂教学严谨，能及时根据学生的掌握程度进行灵活调整课堂节奏，从而达到教学目的，收到良好的教学效果。课后辅练环节，根据学生实际情况，老师们做到了因材施教，作业有坡度和层次。不足点：教师的教案缺失反馈反思环节，九年级的学习除了备课堂，更应体现出备学生，备考点、备学生的疑点。备课中老师们普遍缺乏针对中考考点的点击及延伸。上课环节能紧扣课本，但实验班的学生应注重知识的提升和归纳，加大课堂容量，注重知识的拓展。教师须准确地把握考点，及时总结。辅导练习环节建议针对错题加强讲解和训练，做到有的放矢，不留死角。而实验班的高分层次主要取决于两个方面：基础扎实，能力提升。建议：针对学生的实际情况进行备课设计，每单元进行教学反思及语法项目的针对性突破练习，从而达到巩固课堂的目的。课堂上层次较好的学生应注重拔高和培优，加深、加宽知识面，提高学生的综合能力。英语常规检查小结（2）：在前后将近三周的时间里，课程教学处吴秀娟副主任和英语教师吴燕、听了19位英语老师的推门课，并进行了课堂常规检查。本次检查主要从课前、上课、下课三个大项，其中上课又分为课前准备、行上课礼、课堂学生的专心度，有序发言、课堂纪律、小组合作学习、教学过程等八个小项进行。经过听课、检查、对比分析认为老师们的课堂常规总体上

英语语法大攻克--完成时考查点

现在完成时现在完成时一、结构： have / has +动词过去分词 haven’t / hasn’t + done Have / Has + 主语+ done 二.用法：表示到说话时刻为止已经做或尚未做过的动作。常用already, yet, so far, by now, since two days ago, for a few days 等词语作状语。注：give, see, come, arrive, leave(离开)，begin, start, finish, join, become, borrow, lend, die, end 等点时间动词可以用于完成时，但在肯定句中不能与表示一段时的since和for 短语连用，因为点时间动词不能延续，而在否定句中可以与表示一段时间的for短语连用，因为否定的点时间动词可以看作是一种可延续的状态。 Mike has come for a year.( 〤) Mike has been here for a year( √) Mike hasn’t come for a year.（√）过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时刻或在过去的动作之前（过去的过去）已经做或尚未做的动作。 B y (=up to )last weekend we hadn’t got any information. When he appeared, we had waited for 30 minutes. 现在完成时考点考点一：考查基本概念例Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 考点二：考查时间状语例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 例2. Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 例3. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 例4.—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better 例5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying

中考英语语法填空知识点(大全)经典

中考英语语法填空知识点(大全)经典一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 About ten years ago when I was at university, I worked at my university's museum. One day ________ I was working in the gift shop, I saw two old people come ________ with a little girl in a wheelchair （轮椅）. As I looked closer ________ this girl, I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. She was ________ （wear） a little white dress. When the old people pushed her up to me, I was looking down at the desk. I turned my head and gave ________ （she） a smile. As I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, ________ （happy） smile I had ever seen. Just at that ________ , her physical handicap （生理缺陷）was gone. All I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just impressed me ________ almost gave me a completely new idea of what life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy university student and brought me into her world, a world of smiles and love. That was ten years ago. I'm a ________ （success） business person now and whenever I feel frustrated and think about the trouble of the world, I will think of that little girl and the unusual lesson about life that she ________ （teach） me. 【答案】when/while；in；at；wearing；her；the happiest；time/moment；and；successful；taught 【解析】【分析】文章大意：大学期间遇到的一个坐轮椅的小女孩，她的可爱的乐观的微笑改变了我的人生观。十多年以来，她的微笑始终激励着我。（1）句意：有一天，我在礼品店工作时，看到两个老人带着一个坐轮椅的小女孩进来。分析句式结构可知，I was working in the gift shop是一个时间状语从句，要用when或while 来引导；第一空格故填when或while；因I was working in the gift shop，因此two old people需要进来，我才能看到。固定短语come in，进来，第二个空格故填in。（2）句意：当我走近这个女孩时，我发现她没有胳膊或腿，只有头、脖子和身体。根据后面语句I realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, neck and body. 可知，我近距离地看到了这个小女孩。固定短语look at，看到，故填at。（3）句意：她穿着一件白色的小裙子。wear，穿，动词，根据前面的was可知，此句要用过去进行时，故填wearing。（4）句意：我转过头对她笑了笑。she，人称代词主格，她；固定短语give sb. sth.给某人某物，人称代词作give的宾语要用宾格，故填her。（5）句意：她给了我一个我所见过的最可爱、最快乐的微笑。happy，开心，快乐。根据语句中的the cutest与I had ever seen可知此空要用最高级，故填the happiest。（6）句意：就在那时，她的生理缺陷消失了。固定短语at that time，at that moment，在那时，故填time或moment。（7）句意：我看到的只是一个美丽的女孩，她的微笑给我留下了深刻的印象，几乎让我对生活的意义有了全新的认识。分析句式结构impressed me与almost gave me a，……是小