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摘要
连续波腔衰荡光谱(CW-CRDS)采用腔长扫描方式, 光谱间隔可任意长, 适合弱吸收条件下气体参数或谱线参数的精确测量. CW-CRDS腔长扫描可使任意波长激光耦合进腔, 此时激光波长波动会降低光谱的信噪比. 为此, 本文提出了一种基于傅里叶变换的、快速波长扫描的CRDS方法(FTS-CRDS), 该方法在高速扫腔的同时连续扫描激光波长, 得到周期性的蕴含气体吸收信息的衰荡时间, 然后对其进行傅里叶变换, 提取其特征频率以精确复现气体吸收光谱. FTS-CRDS能有效消除激光波长波动等导致的光谱噪声, 提升复杂线型中谱线参数的测量精度, 且无需采用波长计实时测量激光绝对波长, 可使测量系统更紧凑、经济. 实验采用低压下CO分子的6371.299 cm–1和6374.406 cm–1谱线对该方法进行了验证, 相比CW-CRDS, 该方法有效消除了激光波长波动导致的谱线两翼处噪声, 光谱信噪比提高了4倍以上; 测得的谱线参数与CW-CRDS一致, 但具有更小的测量不确定度.-
关键词:
- 腔衰荡光谱 /
- 傅里叶变换 /
- 波长扫描 /
- 碰撞展宽系数
Abstract
Continuous wave cavity ring down spectroscopy (CW-CRDS) method with using cavity length scanning is ideal for accurately characterizing the low pressure spectra and measuring the small spectral parameters (such as the Dicke narrowing coefficient and the speed dependent collision broadening coefficient). However, the laser of any wavelength can be coupled to the cavity due to the cavity scan, so the spectral noise caused by the laser wavelength fluctuations cannot be ignored. This noise is non-uniformly distributed in the spectrum (especially on both wings on the spectral line) and is difficult to eliminate even with long-term averaging. Unlike the complex laser frequency locking techniques or the optical frequency combs or the better lasers, in this paper, a simple, easy to operate, fast wavelength-scanned CRDS method is proposed based on Fourier transform. The laser wavelength is continuously tuned across the absorption line to measure the periodic ring-down time. A reconstruction algorithm is developed to precisely recover the absorbance by extracting the characteristic frequencies of the periodic ring-down time after the Fourier transform. An etalon, instead of the wavelength meter, is used to calibrate the relative laser wavelength. This method effectively eliminates the non-uniform spectral noise caused by laser wavelength fluctuation in traditional CW-CRDS and significantly improves the measurement accuracy of spectral line parameters (especially line parameters in complex line shapes, such as speed dependent Voigt line shape) at low pressure. In addition, the measuring system, in which no wavelength meter is used, is simpler, more economical than CW-CRDS. The smaller residuals of the Galatry profile fit to the measured CO transitions at R(5) 6371.299 cm–1 and R(6) 6374.406 cm–1 show that the noise on both wings of the spectra, caused by laser wavelength fluctuation, is effectively reduced and the spectral SNR is then improved. The measured N2 perturbed collision broadening coefficient of the Voigt profile fit for CO is consistent with that from the classical CW-CRDS method and is in good agreement with the HITRAN2016 database. The measured N2 perturbed Dicke narrowing coefficient of the Rautian and Galatry profile and speed dependent collision broadening coefficient of the speed dependent Voigt profile have very good linear relationship with pressure, and have smaller uncertainties than the results from the CW-CRDS method.-
Keywords:
- cavity ring down spectroscopy /
- Fourier transform /
- wavelength scanned /
- collision broadening coefficient
作者及机构信息
Authors and contacts
文章全文 : translate this paragraph
参考文献
[1] O’Keefe A, Deacon D A G 1988 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59 2544 Google Scholar
[2] Lehmann K K, Romanini D 1996 J. Chem. Phys. 105 10263 Google Scholar
[3] Paldus B A, Kachanov A A 2005 Can. J. Phys. 83 975 Google Scholar
[4] Long D A, Fleisher A J, Liu Q, Hodges J T 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 1612 Google Scholar
[5] Karhu J, Lehmann K, Vainio M, Metsälä M, Halonen L 2018 Opt. Express 26 29086 Google Scholar
[6] 胡仁志, 王丹, 谢品华, 凌六一, 秦敏, 李传新, 刘建国 2014 物理学报 63 110707 Google Scholar
Hu R Z, Wang D, Xie P H, Ling L Y, Qin M, Li C X, Liu J G 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 110707 Google Scholar
[7] Romanini D, Kachanov A A, Sadeghi N, Stoeckel F 1997 Chem. Phys. Lett. 264 316 Google Scholar
[8] Bucher C R, Lehmann K K, Plusquellic D F, Fraser G T 2000 Appl. Opt. 39 3154 Google Scholar
[9] Dudek J B, Tarsa P B, Velasquez A, Wladyslawski M, Rabinowitz P, Lehmann K K 2003 Anal. Chem. 75 4599 Google Scholar
[10] Malathy D V, Chris Benner D, Smith M A H, Mantz A W, Sung K, Brown L R, Predoi-Cross A 2012 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 113 1013 Google Scholar
[11] Goldenstein C S, Hanson R K 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 152 127 Google Scholar
[12] Schreier F 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 187 44 Google Scholar
[13] Tan Y, Mikhailenko S N, Wang J, Liu A W, Zhao X Q, Liu G L, Hu S M 2018 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 221 233 Google Scholar
[14] Kassi S, Karlovets E V, Tashkun S A, Perevalov V I, Campargue A 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 187 414 Google Scholar
[15] Mondelain D, Mikhailenko S N, Karlovets E V, Beguier S, Kassi S, Campargue A 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 203 206 Google Scholar
[16] Morville J, Romanini D, Chenevier M, Kachanov A A 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 6980 Google Scholar
[17] Bicer A, Bounds J, Zhu F, Kolomenskii A A, Kaya N, Aluauee E, Amani M, Schuessler H A 2018 Int. J. Thermophys. 39 1572
[18] Cygan A, Wojtewicz S, Domyslawska J, Maslowski P, Bielska K E, Piwinski M, Stec K, Trawinski R S, Ozimek F, Radzewicz C, Abe H, Ido T, Hodges J T, Lisak D, Ciurylo R 2013 Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 222 2119 Google Scholar
[19] Wójtewicz S, Masłowski P, Cygan A, Wcisło P, Zaborowski M, Piwiński M, Ciuryło R, Lisak D 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 165 68 Google Scholar
[20] Mikhailenko S N, Mondelain D, Karlovets E V, Kassi S, Campargue A 2018 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 206 163 Google Scholar
[21] Gotti R, Prevedelli M, Kassi S, Marangoni M, Romanini D 2018 J. Chem. Phys. 148 054202 Google Scholar
[22] Mondelain D, Sala T, Kassi S, Romanini D, Marangoni M, Campargue A 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 154 35 Google Scholar
[23] Morville J, Romanini D, Kachanov A A, Chenevier M 2004 Appl. Phys. B 78 465
[24] Mazurenka M, Wada R, Shillings A J L, Butler T J A, Beames J M, Orr-Ewing A J 2005 Appl. Phys. B 81 135 Google Scholar
[25] Halmer D, Basum G, Hering P, Mürtz M 2004 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 2187 Google Scholar
[26] Du Y J, Peng Z M, Ding Y J 2018 Opt. Express 26 9263 Google Scholar
[27] Peng Z M, Ding Y J, Jia J W, Lan L J, Du Y J, Li Z 2013 Opt. Express 21 23724 Google Scholar
[28] Wójtewicz S, Stec K, Masłowski P, Cygan A, Lisak D, Trawiński R S, Ciuryło R 2013 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 130 191 Google Scholar
[29] Kowzan G, Stec K, Zaborowski M, Wójtewicz S, Cygan A, Lisak D, Masłowski P, Trawiński R S 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 191 46 Google Scholar
[30] Gordon I E, Rothman L S, Hill C, et al. 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 203 3 Google Scholar
施引文献
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图 1 FTS-CRDS与CW-CRDS方法的系统原理图 LC, 激光电流和温度控制器; FI, 光纤隔离器; AOM, 声光调制器; APD, 雪崩光电二极管; DDG, 数字延迟发生器; PZT, 压电换能器; DAQ, 数据采集系统; WM, 波长计
Fig. 1. The system schematic diagram of FTS-CRDS and CW-CRDS. LC, laser current and temperature controller; FI, fiber isolator; AOM, acousto-optic modulator; APD, avalanche photodiode; DDG, digital delay generator; PZT, piezoelectric transducer; WM, wavelength meter; DAQ, data acquisition system; WM, wavelength meter.
图 2 (a) 激光电流(蓝色)及周期性的衰减常数(黑色); (b) 激光电流(蓝色), 激光波长(黑色), 标准具信号(红色); 图中仅展示了100个周期中的4个
Fig. 2. (a) Instantaneous laser current (blue) and instantaneous ring-down time (black), τ(t); (b) wavelength (red) and etalon signal (black). Note that the (a) and (b) figure shows an example with only 4 of 100 the circles.
图 3 τ(t)的傅里叶幅值谱及周期性噪声(~5.5, ~11, ~19和~21 Hz)
Fig. 3. The amplitude spectrum of τ(t) and the periodic noises (~5.5, ~11, ~19 and ~21 Hz).
图 4 (a) CW-CRDS测量的衰荡时间, nd为每个电流点的测量次数, 白色点表示超出色阶范围; (b) FTS-CRDS方法测量的衰荡时间, np为所测周期数; 横轴均为激光电流, 为了更清晰地显示谱线中心区域, 这里仅显示了74−86 mA的数据
Fig. 4. (a) Ring-down time measured by CW-CRDS, nd is the number of measurements per current, white points represent out-of-range data; (b) ring-down time measured by FTS-CRDS, np is the number of cycles; the x axis represents laser current with the range of 74−86 mA.
图 5 在相同条件下, 两种方法测量的CO吸收光谱(黑色虚线)及VP(红线)和GP(蓝线)拟合 (a) CW-CRDS; (b) FTS-CRDS; 两幅图的x轴和y轴的尺度相同
Fig. 5. The absorption spectra (black dotted line) of CO measured by the two methods and the best fit of Voigt profile (red) and Galatry profile (blue): (a) CW-CRDS; (b) FTS-CRDS; the x and y-axes scales of the residuals obtained by the two methods are the same
图 6 不同压力下所测得的光谱参数(CW-CRDS所测结果为红色, FTS-CRDS为黑色) (a) γc (空心圆); (b) β (空心方框), γ2 (空心三角)
Fig. 6. The measured spectral parameters for various pressures (CW-CRDS (red), FTS-CRDS (black): (a) γc (hollow triangle); (b) β (hollow square), γ2 (hollow triangle).
表 1 FTS-CRDS和CW-CRDS测量的光谱参数及其不确定度
Table 1. Measured spectral parameters and uncertainties by CW-CRDS and FTS-CRDS.
v0/cm–1 E''/cm–1 Transition ϕ γc (T0)/10–2 cm–1·atm–1 β (T0)/10–2 cm–1·atm–1 γ2 (T0)/10–2 cm–1·atm–1 CW FTS HT CW FTS CW FTS 6371.299 57.670 R(5) VP 6.26b 6.29b 6.29a — — — — GP 6.43b 6.51b 2.84d 2.92c — — RP 6.47b 6.54b 2.57d 2.60c — — SDVP 6.50b 6.59b — — 0.87d 0.85c 6374.406 80.735 R(6) VP 6.10b 6.11b 6.12a — — — — GP 6.20b 6.25b 2.65d 2.77c — — RP 6.25b 6.29b 2.38d 2.39c — — SDVP 6.26b 6.33b — — 0.69d 0.79c 注: γc, 碰撞展宽系数; β, Dicke收敛系数; γ2, 速度依赖的碰撞展宽系数; FTS和CW分别代表FTS-CRDS和CW-CRDS, HT表示HITRAN; a表示相同温度(T = 288 K)下HITRAN[ 30]的数据, 空气为背景气; b不确定度 0%—1%; c不确定度 5%—15%; d不确定度 15%—30%. 深圳SEO优化公司汉中企业网站设计报价思茅网站优化推广公司拉萨建设网站青岛网站建设设计推荐吕梁优化推荐朝阳SEO按天计费迪庆网站建设设计杭州关键词按天扣费价格湖州网络推广哪家好郑州百度竞价包年推广报价巴中网页制作哪家好平凉关键词按天扣费价格兴安盟优化公司宝安网站推广系统公司宁波企业网站制作报价天津网站推广系统公司天门企业网站改版迪庆品牌网站设计报价重庆网站关键词优化多少钱惠州网站制作设计报价南充网站优化软件报价沙井建设网站报价吉安网站改版推荐和田网页设计云浮企业网站设计推荐资阳设计公司网站报价湛江高端网站设计哪家好思茅网站优化排名推荐三明关键词排名包年推广多少钱宿迁百度竞价公司歼20紧急升空逼退外机英媒称团队夜以继日筹划王妃复出草木蔓发 春山在望成都发生巨响 当地回应60岁老人炒菠菜未焯水致肾病恶化男子涉嫌走私被判11年却一天牢没坐劳斯莱斯右转逼停直行车网传落水者说“没让你救”系谣言广东通报13岁男孩性侵女童不予立案贵州小伙回应在美国卖三蹦子火了淀粉肠小王子日销售额涨超10倍有个姐真把千机伞做出来了近3万元金手镯仅含足金十克呼北高速交通事故已致14人死亡杨洋拄拐现身医院国产伟哥去年销售近13亿男子给前妻转账 现任妻子起诉要回新基金只募集到26元还是员工自购男孩疑遭霸凌 家长讨说法被踢出群充个话费竟沦为间接洗钱工具新的一天从800个哈欠开始单亲妈妈陷入热恋 14岁儿子报警#春分立蛋大挑战#中国投资客涌入日本东京买房两大学生合买彩票中奖一人不认账新加坡主帅:唯一目标击败中国队月嫂回应掌掴婴儿是在赶虫子19岁小伙救下5人后溺亡 多方发声清明节放假3天调休1天张家界的山上“长”满了韩国人?开封王婆为何火了主播靠辱骂母亲走红被批捕封号代拍被何赛飞拿着魔杖追着打阿根廷将发行1万与2万面值的纸币库克现身上海为江西彩礼“减负”的“试婚人”因自嘲式简历走红的教授更新简介殡仪馆花卉高于市场价3倍还重复用网友称在豆瓣酱里吃出老鼠头315晚会后胖东来又人满为患了网友建议重庆地铁不准乘客携带菜筐特朗普谈“凯特王妃P图照”罗斯否认插足凯特王妃婚姻青海通报栏杆断裂小学生跌落住进ICU恒大被罚41.75亿到底怎么缴湖南一县政协主席疑涉刑案被控制茶百道就改标签日期致歉王树国3次鞠躬告别西交大师生张立群任西安交通大学校长杨倩无缘巴黎奥运
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[1] O’Keefe A, Deacon D A G 1988 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59 2544 Google Scholar
[2] Lehmann K K, Romanini D 1996 J. Chem. Phys. 105 10263 Google Scholar
[3] Paldus B A, Kachanov A A 2005 Can. J. Phys. 83 975 Google Scholar
[4] Long D A, Fleisher A J, Liu Q, Hodges J T 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 1612 Google Scholar
[5] Karhu J, Lehmann K, Vainio M, Metsälä M, Halonen L 2018 Opt. Express 26 29086 Google Scholar
[6] 胡仁志, 王丹, 谢品华, 凌六一, 秦敏, 李传新, 刘建国 2014 物理学报 63 110707 Google Scholar
Hu R Z, Wang D, Xie P H, Ling L Y, Qin M, Li C X, Liu J G 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 110707 Google Scholar
[7] Romanini D, Kachanov A A, Sadeghi N, Stoeckel F 1997 Chem. Phys. Lett. 264 316 Google Scholar
[8] Bucher C R, Lehmann K K, Plusquellic D F, Fraser G T 2000 Appl. Opt. 39 3154 Google Scholar
[9] Dudek J B, Tarsa P B, Velasquez A, Wladyslawski M, Rabinowitz P, Lehmann K K 2003 Anal. Chem. 75 4599 Google Scholar
[10] Malathy D V, Chris Benner D, Smith M A H, Mantz A W, Sung K, Brown L R, Predoi-Cross A 2012 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 113 1013 Google Scholar
[11] Goldenstein C S, Hanson R K 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 152 127 Google Scholar
[12] Schreier F 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 187 44 Google Scholar
[13] Tan Y, Mikhailenko S N, Wang J, Liu A W, Zhao X Q, Liu G L, Hu S M 2018 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 221 233 Google Scholar
[14] Kassi S, Karlovets E V, Tashkun S A, Perevalov V I, Campargue A 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 187 414 Google Scholar
[15] Mondelain D, Mikhailenko S N, Karlovets E V, Beguier S, Kassi S, Campargue A 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 203 206 Google Scholar
[16] Morville J, Romanini D, Chenevier M, Kachanov A A 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 6980 Google Scholar
[17] Bicer A, Bounds J, Zhu F, Kolomenskii A A, Kaya N, Aluauee E, Amani M, Schuessler H A 2018 Int. J. Thermophys. 39 1572
[18] Cygan A, Wojtewicz S, Domyslawska J, Maslowski P, Bielska K E, Piwinski M, Stec K, Trawinski R S, Ozimek F, Radzewicz C, Abe H, Ido T, Hodges J T, Lisak D, Ciurylo R 2013 Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 222 2119 Google Scholar
[19] Wójtewicz S, Masłowski P, Cygan A, Wcisło P, Zaborowski M, Piwiński M, Ciuryło R, Lisak D 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 165 68 Google Scholar
[20] Mikhailenko S N, Mondelain D, Karlovets E V, Kassi S, Campargue A 2018 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 206 163 Google Scholar
[21] Gotti R, Prevedelli M, Kassi S, Marangoni M, Romanini D 2018 J. Chem. Phys. 148 054202 Google Scholar
[22] Mondelain D, Sala T, Kassi S, Romanini D, Marangoni M, Campargue A 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 154 35 Google Scholar
[23] Morville J, Romanini D, Kachanov A A, Chenevier M 2004 Appl. Phys. B 78 465
[24] Mazurenka M, Wada R, Shillings A J L, Butler T J A, Beames J M, Orr-Ewing A J 2005 Appl. Phys. B 81 135 Google Scholar
[25] Halmer D, Basum G, Hering P, Mürtz M 2004 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 2187 Google Scholar
[26] Du Y J, Peng Z M, Ding Y J 2018 Opt. Express 26 9263 Google Scholar
[27] Peng Z M, Ding Y J, Jia J W, Lan L J, Du Y J, Li Z 2013 Opt. Express 21 23724 Google Scholar
[28] Wójtewicz S, Stec K, Masłowski P, Cygan A, Lisak D, Trawiński R S, Ciuryło R 2013 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 130 191 Google Scholar
[29] Kowzan G, Stec K, Zaborowski M, Wójtewicz S, Cygan A, Lisak D, Masłowski P, Trawiński R S 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 191 46 Google Scholar
[30] Gordon I E, Rothman L S, Hill C, et al. 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 203 3 Google Scholar
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- 第68卷,第20期 - 2019年10月20日
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