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摘要
用三点弯曲和四点弯曲测试方法分别测试了单晶硅片和双面电池两种不同样片的机械性能, 通过建立模型, 探讨了不同的弯曲测试方法对样片的最大弯曲位移、最大载荷和断裂强度的影响. 研究表明: 三点弯曲和四点弯曲测试测量的最大弯曲位移相差不大, 但对单晶硅片而言, 三点弯曲测试方法测量结果离散度较大, 四点弯曲测试方法测量结果离散度较小. 然而不论是单晶硅片还是双面电池, 四点弯曲测试方法均能通过分散载荷的方式而增加样片的承载能力, 四点弯曲测试方法计算得出的断裂强度较小于三点弯曲测试的结果.-
关键词:
- 三点弯曲 /
- 四点弯曲 /
- 机械性能 /
- 建模
Abstract
Silicon (Si)-wafer-based solar cells have dominated the global market with a share exceeding 90% due to their abundant source material and well-known physical and chemical properties. The brittleness of silicon material limits its further applications. It is necessary to investigate the material strength properties of Si wafer and/or Si solar cells, which can guide the fabrication process of Si solar cells to avoid breaking the Si wafers. The Si material strength properties have been extensively investigated by the methods of three-point bending test and four-point bending test. However, the difference between these two methods has not been studied so far. In this work, the mechanical strength properties of monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer and bifacial c-Si solar cells are measured by three-point bending test and four-point bending test respectively. The average value of the maximum bending displacements has a little discrepancy between the results of the three-point bending test and four-point bending test methods. It is worth noting that the degree of dispersion of the Si wafer test results of the three-point bending test is larger than those of the four-point bending test. And the results of the dispersion of the Si bifacial solar cells, obtained from the two bending test methods, show no difference between them due to the existence of metalized electrodes. Whether the measured sample is Si wafer or Si solar cell, the average value of the maximum load, obtained from the four-point bending test, is higher than that from the three point-bending test method, and the average value of the fracture strength, obtained from the four-point bending test, is lower than that from the three-point bending test method. By establishing the models of different beams, the applied load gets dispersed through two bars of the four-point bending test method, whereas the applied load is directly applied to the sample through one bar of the three-point bending test method, which can explain the relatively large difference between these two test methods. -
Keywords:
- three point bending test /
- four point bending test /
- mechanical property /
- modeling
作者及机构信息
Authors and contacts
文章全文 : translate this paragraph
参考文献
[1] Battaglia C, Cuevas A, de Wolf S 2016 Energ. Environ. Sci. 9 1552 Google Scholar
[2] Borrerolopez O, Vodenitcharova T, Hoffman M, Leo A J 2009 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 92 2713 Google Scholar
[3] Paul I, Majeed B, Razeeb K M, Barton J 2006 Acta Mater. 54 3991 Google Scholar
[4] Funke C, Wolf S, Stoyan D 2009 J. Sol. Energy Eng. 131 011012 Google Scholar
[5] Schoenfelder S, Ebert M, Landesberger C, Bock K, Bagdahn J 2007 Microelectron. Reliab. 47 168 Google Scholar
[6] Sekhar H, Fukuda T, Tanahashi K 2018 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57 08RB08 Google Scholar
[7] Li Z L, Wang L, Yang D R, Zhu X, Shi Y Z, Jiang W L 2011 Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica 32 225
[8] Wang P, Yu X G, Li Z L, Yang D R 2011 J. Cryst. Growth 318 230 Google Scholar
[9] Rengarajan K N, Radchenko I, Illya G, Handara V, Kunz M, Tamura N, Budiman A S 2016 8th International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies Singapore, 28 June–3 July, 2015 p76
[10] Heilbronn B, de Moro F, Jolivet E, Tupin E, Chau B, Varrot R, Drevet B, Bailly S, Rey D, Lignier H, Xi Y H, Mangelinck N, Reinhart G, Regula G 2015 Cryst. Res. Technol. 50 101 Google Scholar
[11] Barredo J, Parra V, Guerrero I, Fraile A, Hermanns L 2013 Prog. Photovoltaics 22 1204
[12] Woo J, Kim Y, Kim S, Jang J, Han H N, Choi K J, Kim I, Kim J 2017 Scripta Mater. 140 1 Google Scholar
[13] Oswald M, Loewenstein T, Schubert G, Schoenfelder S 2012 6th International Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Aixles-bains France, October 8–11, 2012
[14] Echizenya D, Sakamoto H, Sasaki K 2011 Procedia Engineering 10 1440 Google Scholar
[15] Haase F, Kasewieter J, Köntges M 2016 6th International Conference on Silicon Photovoltaics Chambery France, March 7–9, 2016 p554
[16] Popovich V A 2014 Microstructure and Mechanical Aspects of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (Netherlands: Delft University of Technology) p115
[17] Mansfield B R, Armstrong D E, Wilshaw P R, Murphy J D 2009 Solid State Phenomena 156–158 p55
[18] Cotterell B, Chen Z, Han J, Tan N 2003 J. Electron. Packaging 125 114 Google Scholar
[19] Sekhar H, Fukuda T, Tanahashi K, Shirasawa K, Takato H, Ohkubo K, Ono H, Sampei Y, Kobayashi T 2018 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57 095501 Google Scholar
[20] Kaule F, Kohler B, Hirsch J, Schoenfeldera S, Lauscha D 2018 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C. 185 511 Google Scholar
[21] Gou W X 2010 Mechanics of Materials (Beijing: Science Press) p152
施引文献
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图 1 双面电池结构示意图
Fig. 1. The schematic diagram of the structure of bifacial solar cell.
图 2 测试参数示意图 (a) 三点弯曲; (b) 四点弯曲
Fig. 2. The schematic of test parameter: (a) Three point bengding; (b) four point bengding.
图 3 硅片三点和四点弯曲测试数据对比 (a) 载荷与位移的变化曲线; (b) 最大弯曲位移; (c) 最大载荷; (d) 断裂强度
Fig. 3. Parameter comparison of silicon wafer test of three point and four point bending test: (a) Force as function of the bending value; (b) maximum bending displacement; (c) maximum force; (d) fracture strength.
图 4 双面电池三点和四点弯曲测试数据对比 (a) 载荷与位移的变化曲线; (b) 最大弯曲位移; (c) 最大载荷; (d) 断裂强度
Fig. 4. Parameter comparison of bifacial solar cells test of three point and four point bending test: (a) Force as function of the bending value; (b) maximum bending displacement; (c) maximum force; (d) fracture strength.
图 5 作用力和弯矩图 (a) 三点弯曲; (b) 四点弯曲
Fig. 5. The model diagram of force and bending moment: (a) Three point bending test; (b) four point bending test.
表 1 三点弯曲和四点弯曲测试的比较
Table 1. Comparison of three point bending and four point bending tests.
单位 国家 样片 厚度 测试方法 研究内容 年份 参考文献 TNI-UCC 爱尔兰 单晶硅片 50—525 μm 三点弯曲 用统计方法建立了不同厚度单晶硅材料断裂强度的模型 2006 [ 3] Fraunhofer -IMM 德国 单晶硅片 48—200 μm 三点弯曲 分析了磨削、抛光、蚀刻工艺对薄硅试样机械强度的影响 2007 [ 5] RERC-FREI-AIST 日本 单晶硅片 200—250 μm 三点弯曲 金刚线切割时产生的应力损伤层对单晶硅片机械性能的影响 2008 [ 6] 浙江大学 中国 单晶硅电池 200 μm 三点弯曲 背电极花样对单晶硅电池的机械强度有明显影响 2011 [ 7] 浙江大学 中国 多晶硅片 220 μm 三点弯曲 铸锭多晶硅中, 锗掺杂能增强多晶硅片的机械强度 2011 [ 8] SUTD 新加坡 光伏组件 — 三点弯曲 封装材料对太阳能光伏组件的可靠性影响 2016 [ 9] Solarforce S.A. 法国 多晶硅片 60—140 μm 四点弯曲 研究了带状生长多晶硅的弯曲强度随不同工艺条件的变化 2015 [ 10] UNSW 澳大利亚 多晶硅片 200 μm 四点弯曲 硅片的边缘缺陷对多晶硅片断裂强度的影响 2009 [ 2] CMME 西班牙 多晶、单晶、类单晶 200 μm 四点弯曲 对相同厚度的多晶、单晶、类单晶的晶体硅片的机械强度进行了比较 2014 [ 11] IEP-TUBF 德国 多晶硅片 250—300 μm 四点弯曲 研究了损伤腐蚀对太阳能硅片力学性能的影响 2009 [ 4] UNIST 韩国 单晶硅片 50 μm 四点弯曲 同制绒工艺改变硅片表面形貌对晶体硅机械性能的影响 2017 [ 12] Fraunhofer -CSP 德国 多晶硅片 — 四点弯曲 激光钻孔对机械性能的影响 2012 [ 13] MEC 日本 多晶硅片 200—300 μm 四点弯曲 金刚线切割多晶硅片的弯曲强度, 并对不同强度值产生的原因进行了分析 2011 [ 14] ISFH 德国 光伏组件 — 四点弯曲 标准尺寸太阳能光伏组件在受压情况下的裂纹分布情况 2016 [ 15] 注: TNI-UCC, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork (科克大学, 廷德尔国立研究所); Fraunhofer-IMM, Fraunhofer-Institute for Mechanics of Materials (弗劳恩霍夫材料力学研究所); RERC-FREI-AIST, Renewable Energy Research Center, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (国家先进工业科学技术研究所, 福岛可再生能源研究所, 可再生能源研究中心); SUTD, Singapore University of Technology and Design (新加坡科技设计大学) UNSW, University of New South Wales (新南威尔士大学); IEP-TUBF, Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg (弗莱贝格工业大学, 实验物理研究所); MEC, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (三菱电力公司); Fraunhofer-CSP, Fraunhofer Center for Silicon Photovoltaics (弗劳恩霍夫硅光电中心); CMME, Centre for Modelling in Mechanical Engineering (机械工程建模中心); Solarforce S.A., 太阳力股份有限公司; ISFH, Institute for Solar Energy Research Hamelin (哈梅林太阳能研究所); UNIST, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (蔚山国家科学技术研究院). 深圳SEO优化公司大浪设计网站塘坑优秀网站设计坪地SEO按天收费双龙网站优化推广塘坑关键词按天扣费坪地网站设计模板塘坑百度标王大鹏企业网站设计福田seo排名永湖百度爱采购罗湖网站改版爱联外贸网站制作大芬营销网站同乐高端网站设计宝安网站推广方案大浪网站建设南山百度爱采购龙岗SEO按天扣费龙岗百姓网标王推广松岗网站优化推广广州企业网站改版大浪百姓网标王推广南山网站推广龙岗seo网站推广坪山英文网站建设坂田网络广告推广吉祥网站优化软件坂田网站改版大运营销网站永湖标王歼20紧急升空逼退外机英媒称团队夜以继日筹划王妃复出草木蔓发 春山在望成都发生巨响 当地回应60岁老人炒菠菜未焯水致肾病恶化男子涉嫌走私被判11年却一天牢没坐劳斯莱斯右转逼停直行车网传落水者说“没让你救”系谣言广东通报13岁男孩性侵女童不予立案贵州小伙回应在美国卖三蹦子火了淀粉肠小王子日销售额涨超10倍有个姐真把千机伞做出来了近3万元金手镯仅含足金十克呼北高速交通事故已致14人死亡杨洋拄拐现身医院国产伟哥去年销售近13亿男子给前妻转账 现任妻子起诉要回新基金只募集到26元还是员工自购男孩疑遭霸凌 家长讨说法被踢出群充个话费竟沦为间接洗钱工具新的一天从800个哈欠开始单亲妈妈陷入热恋 14岁儿子报警#春分立蛋大挑战#中国投资客涌入日本东京买房两大学生合买彩票中奖一人不认账新加坡主帅:唯一目标击败中国队月嫂回应掌掴婴儿是在赶虫子19岁小伙救下5人后溺亡 多方发声清明节放假3天调休1天张家界的山上“长”满了韩国人?开封王婆为何火了主播靠辱骂母亲走红被批捕封号代拍被何赛飞拿着魔杖追着打阿根廷将发行1万与2万面值的纸币库克现身上海为江西彩礼“减负”的“试婚人”因自嘲式简历走红的教授更新简介殡仪馆花卉高于市场价3倍还重复用网友称在豆瓣酱里吃出老鼠头315晚会后胖东来又人满为患了网友建议重庆地铁不准乘客携带菜筐特朗普谈“凯特王妃P图照”罗斯否认插足凯特王妃婚姻青海通报栏杆断裂小学生跌落住进ICU恒大被罚41.75亿到底怎么缴湖南一县政协主席疑涉刑案被控制茶百道就改标签日期致歉王树国3次鞠躬告别西交大师生张立群任西安交通大学校长杨倩无缘巴黎奥运
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[1] Battaglia C, Cuevas A, de Wolf S 2016 Energ. Environ. Sci. 9 1552 Google Scholar
[2] Borrerolopez O, Vodenitcharova T, Hoffman M, Leo A J 2009 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 92 2713 Google Scholar
[3] Paul I, Majeed B, Razeeb K M, Barton J 2006 Acta Mater. 54 3991 Google Scholar
[4] Funke C, Wolf S, Stoyan D 2009 J. Sol. Energy Eng. 131 011012 Google Scholar
[5] Schoenfelder S, Ebert M, Landesberger C, Bock K, Bagdahn J 2007 Microelectron. Reliab. 47 168 Google Scholar
[6] Sekhar H, Fukuda T, Tanahashi K 2018 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57 08RB08 Google Scholar
[7] Li Z L, Wang L, Yang D R, Zhu X, Shi Y Z, Jiang W L 2011 Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica 32 225
[8] Wang P, Yu X G, Li Z L, Yang D R 2011 J. Cryst. Growth 318 230 Google Scholar
[9] Rengarajan K N, Radchenko I, Illya G, Handara V, Kunz M, Tamura N, Budiman A S 2016 8th International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies Singapore, 28 June–3 July, 2015 p76
[10] Heilbronn B, de Moro F, Jolivet E, Tupin E, Chau B, Varrot R, Drevet B, Bailly S, Rey D, Lignier H, Xi Y H, Mangelinck N, Reinhart G, Regula G 2015 Cryst. Res. Technol. 50 101 Google Scholar
[11] Barredo J, Parra V, Guerrero I, Fraile A, Hermanns L 2013 Prog. Photovoltaics 22 1204
[12] Woo J, Kim Y, Kim S, Jang J, Han H N, Choi K J, Kim I, Kim J 2017 Scripta Mater. 140 1 Google Scholar
[13] Oswald M, Loewenstein T, Schubert G, Schoenfelder S 2012 6th International Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Aixles-bains France, October 8–11, 2012
[14] Echizenya D, Sakamoto H, Sasaki K 2011 Procedia Engineering 10 1440 Google Scholar
[15] Haase F, Kasewieter J, Köntges M 2016 6th International Conference on Silicon Photovoltaics Chambery France, March 7–9, 2016 p554
[16] Popovich V A 2014 Microstructure and Mechanical Aspects of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (Netherlands: Delft University of Technology) p115
[17] Mansfield B R, Armstrong D E, Wilshaw P R, Murphy J D 2009 Solid State Phenomena 156–158 p55
[18] Cotterell B, Chen Z, Han J, Tan N 2003 J. Electron. Packaging 125 114 Google Scholar
[19] Sekhar H, Fukuda T, Tanahashi K, Shirasawa K, Takato H, Ohkubo K, Ono H, Sampei Y, Kobayashi T 2018 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57 095501 Google Scholar
[20] Kaule F, Kohler B, Hirsch J, Schoenfeldera S, Lauscha D 2018 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C. 185 511 Google Scholar
[21] Gou W X 2010 Mechanics of Materials (Beijing: Science Press) p152
目录
- 第68卷,第20期 - 2019年10月20日
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